Zodiac Astrology

Vedic Age Cycles Video

2012-01-27T00:12:00.001-08:00

1000 Equinoctial Cycles is one Cosmological Cycle.Chathur yuga sahasram indra harina dinam uchhyathe

Sahasra Yuga Paryantham
Aharyal brahmano vidhu
Ratrim yugaha sahasranam
The Ahoratra vido janah

Thousand Equinoctial cycles
Is one Brahma day called
Equal duration is Brahma Night
Both together is one Ahoratra !

$tock Market Astrology video

2012-01-21T04:29:00.001-08:00

I just uploaded $tock Market Astrology video. You can get the embed code from
http://www.stockmarketastrology.com/

Vedic Astrology video

2012-01-21T04:25:00.000-08:00

I just uploaded Introduction to Vedic Astrology video.

You can get the embed code from http://www.eastrovedica.com/html/astrovideos.htm

My own url and embed code

2012-01-11T07:16:00.000-08:00

English Literature.swf">

I got my own url and embed code for my video.

This is the perspective of the poets about Astrology. I got the Youtube url and embed code yesterday and today I got my own url and embed code today. I am a happy man !

You can get the embed code from http://www.eastrovedica.com/html/astrovideos.htm

English Literature and Astrology

2012-01-09T02:01:00.000-08:00

Not only the English poets, the Sanskrit poets also referred to Astrology. They defined it as the Eye of Wisdom Eternal, the Veda Purusha.

Chandau pada
Shada sastram ta vaktram
Kalpam vanee
Jyothisham chakshushee cha
Shiksha ghranam
Srotha muktam niruktam
Vedasyanga
Nyeva mahur muneendra

Verses His feet
Sound his mouth
His music Kalpa
And Astrology as Eyes
Phonetics his neck
The sciences as His eyes
So is Wisdom Eternal defined !

You can get the embed code from http://www.eastrovedica.com/html/astrovideos.htm

My First Video !

2012-01-08T00:16:00.001-08:00

This is my first video. Excuse me if it is of poor quality

I tried Youtube Editor and Windows Movie Maket to effect such a video.

Vedas were never written !

2011-12-29T21:02:00.003-08:00

There are many who think Vedas are books !

Actually people do not know what is "VEDIC". By Vedas no books are meant.

Any one can fine tune to the Unviersal Mind and receive revealations.

Said Aurobindo " I experienced three of the four faculties of the Intuitive Reason, Revealation, Inspiration and Intuition ( The Fourth is Illumination ), known to the Rishies as Ila, Saraswati and Sarama.

After he got his revealations fromt the Self, He wrote the Life Divine and Savitri. They are the true Vedas. Anyone with purity can do that.

Arguments like Vedas, non Vedas, brahmin, non brahmin will cease once the Seekers know what is Veda.

" The Vedas were never written. They were cognised in higher states of Consciousness, Cosmic Consciousness and above " - TM

Vedic Maths controversial ?

2011-12-29T21:01:00.001-08:00

Some scholars have criticised Vedic Maths in Astrology forums.

Just as Mahesh Yogi founded the Science of Creative Intelligence and Transcendental Meditation, just as Aurobindo founded Integral Yoga, so also Swamiji may have created Vedic Maths. Maybe the 18 sutras were his impositions, as some scholars say. Anyway Vedic Maths is his concept. All are concepts, according to Conceptualism.

There are scholars who are egotisits who say Truth is like this, like that. Truth is neither like this or that !

Truth is greater, wider than her forms
A hundred thousand icons they have made of Her
And they admire Her in the forms they find
But she remains herself and infinite ! ( Aurobindo )

Scholars should have humility and not say Raman or Lahiri were wrong. Vidya dadathi Vinayam.

The Alpha Numeric System of Mathematica Indica

2011-11-03T20:37:00.001-07:00

Known as Paral Sankhya, the Alpha Numeric System was developed by Vararuchi. It is also known as Katapayadi, as 1 represents the letters Ka, Ta, Pa and Ya, whose corresponding digit is 1.

Number Letters

1 ka ta pa ya
2 kha tta pha ra
3 hu da bha la
4 gha da ba va
5 nga na ma sha
6 cha tha sha
7 chha dha sa
8 ja dha ha
9 jha ddha
0 nja na ksha

The Value of Kaa ki ku ke and ko was 1

31 was represented by Kala

Kala is ka + la = 31 ( The digits are counted from the right )

and 351 by Kamala
Kamala = ka + ma + la = 351

Elemental Numbers in Mathematica Indica

2011-11-01T21:00:00.001-07:00

Sanskrit poets used Elemental Numbers in their poems. As eyes are 2, two represents eyes. As the Vedas are four, four represents the Vedas. Netra Netra ( eyes , eyes ) means 22 and Veda Veda means 44.

Here we give the correspondence between numbers and the Elements

1 - Earth, Moon
2. Eyes, hands, feet, ears
3. Worlds, trinitarian unity, three yogas, three vedas.
4. Vedas
5. Sense organs.
6 Rithus or the six seasons.
7. Rishies
8 Directions, eightfold prosperity
9 Digits, numbers
0 Ether

10 - Ego and its ten heads.
11 - Rudras
12 Months, Zodiacal Signs
13 Universe
14 Vidyas, Manus
15 Lunations, thidhis
16 King
17 Athushti
18 Treatises astronomical, mythological
19 Athi Dhruthi
20 Nails
21 Uthkruthi
22 Akrithi
23 Vikruthi
24 Gayathri
25 Principles
27 Constellations
33 Deities

The digits for the letters are written, counting from right to left

For example,

Bhanandagni

Bham = Stars = 27
Nandan = 9
Agni = 3

Bhanandagni = 3927

Of Scholarship

2011-10-30T02:50:00.000-07:00

Scholarship is great and is like an expanding flower

Pandityam nava pallavam vikasitham pushpam prayogajnatha

In order to have scholarism graced, one should strive hard to gain it. It is said that the hard work done by the scholar is known only to the scholar ! How can others know it ?

The scholar and the world, the endless strife
The discord in the harmonies of Life
The love of Learning, the sequestered nooks
And the sweet serenity of Books
The marketplace, eager love for gain
Whose aim is vanity, whose end is pain !

Vidwaneva Vijanathi
Vidwajjana parishramam
Na hi vandhya vijanathi
Gurveem prasava vedanam !

How can others know the work hard
Which the scholars have indulged in ?
Like a barren woman who cannot know
The pain of delivering !

Big names for Indian numbers

2011-10-28T20:48:00.001-07:00

There are greater numbers, than the ones mentioned below.

Maha Padma = 10^15
Kshoni = 10^16
Parardha = 10^17
Sankha = 10^18
Maha Sankha = 10^19
Kshithi = 10^20
Maha Kshiti = 10^21
Kshobha = 10^22
Maha Kshobha = 10^23

Neethi Lamba = 10^27
Sarva Bala = 10^45
Thallakshana = 10^83

Indian names for big numbers

2011-10-27T20:40:00.001-07:00

Ganitha Kerala, the Kerala School of Astronomy and Maths, has given a lot of names for big numbers.

Like the Western

Myriad = 10^4
Million = 10^6

Indian names are

Shata = 10^2
Sahasra = 10^3
Ayutha = 10^4
Laksha = 10^5
Dasa Laksha = 10^6 ( Million )
Koti = 10^7
Dasa Koti = 10^8
Vrinda = 10^9
Kharva = 10^10
Nikharva = 10^11
Mahapadma = 10^12
Mahakharva = 10^13
Padma = 10^14

In the Western, we have

Million = 1000^2
Billion = 1000^3
Trillion = 1000^4

or

Nillion = 1000^(n+1)

where n is the number. Tri meaning 3 and trillion = 1000^(3+1)!

10 Lucky Sites for Fortune Tellers

2011-10-21T02:15:00.000-07:00

This is an article written by Melanie Slaugh.

10 Lucky Sites for Fortune Tellers

On October 20, 2011, in in my area, by admin

Humans have been fascinated by fortune telling for thousands of years, everybody from the highest monarch to the lowliest pauper. Aristotle and Alexander the Great popularized palmistry, and Alexander used the findings to help him choose his corps of officers. Tarot cards, origins unknown, have been used in Europe since the 14th Century. Gypsies have wandered the world with their divinations for eons, and people still seek them out today (they can often be found at country fairs).

Whatever your divination needs, there is a seer available, 24/7, and some of these are listed below.

Keen –Keen labels itself as a “personal advisor”, especially in matters of the heart, and “free psychic readings” are available online. Tarot and astrology are also emphasized, and “staff psychics” are standing by, just waiting to help.
Serious Inquiries Only – At www.grandpasgeneral.com you can back-order (sorry, temporarily out-of stock) genuine, made-in-China, Chinese fortune telling sticks that are “not to be used for self-amusement”.

Crystal Ball – Though they live with at least one foot in another world, even fortune tellers have to eat, so they try to economize where they can. Something no fortune teller should be without, however, is a crystal ball. At www.crystalcompany.com you can order these spheres in a dazzling array of sizes and colors, and in price ranges that fit your fortune telling budget.

Facade– Tarot cards, Rune, Biorhythms, I Ching and Numerology are among the offerings on this site. In addition, this site will help you add their fortunetelling services to your own website.

For Foodies – Take a stab at being a fortune teller yourself. Go to www.fortunecookiestore.com and create your own custom fortune cookies. They even have chocolate-dipped cookies (I always feel lucky when somebody gives me anything chocolate) and a 24-hour service.

Caffeinated Fortunes – The reading of tea leaves (tasseomancy) and coffee grounds (cafeomancy) has long been practiced in many cultures. For more on this, go to www.serenapowers.com and have a cup with Serena.

GypsyFortuneTeller.com – Good old fashioned fortune telling with a deck of ordinary playing cards is the main offering of this site. I Ching and Tarot card reading are also offered

.Mrs. Martin, Psychic – Someone could have told you this was going to be your lucky day, and that someone could have been Mrs. Martin. Whether you visit her at the California State Fair, in her West Sacramento shop or contact her online at www.mrsmartinpsychic.com she has an amazing 25-year record. Check it out.
CafeAstrology – All it really takes to become a fortune teller is an understanding of the meanings of the cards and how to interpret them. On this site, that information is detailed out for you, so that you can begin doing your own fortunetelling.

Astrology.com – Find out what the stars have to say, what your dreams mean or get a personalized reading of your future. A wide variety of means are available for giving you a futuristic view.

You don’t need a fortune teller to see that the future of fortune telling will remain strong. They’ve been around for a long time, and don’t seem to have lost any of their popularity.

url of the article is http://www.myispfinder.org/ispblog/2011/10-lucky-sites-for-fortune-tellers/.

Of Mathematica Vedica

2011-10-17T23:11:00.001-07:00

By one more than the one before

Ekadhikena Purvecha is Sanskrit for " One more than the previous one". This
sutra can be used for multiplying or dividing algorithms.

You can use this formula to compute the squares of numbers.

For example.

35×35 = ((3×3)+3),25 = 12,25 and 125×125 = ((12×12)+12),25 = 156,25

By the sūtra, multiply "by one more than the previous one."

35×35 = ((3×4),25 = 12,25 and 125×125 = ((12×13),25 = 156,25

Commodities Astrology ?

2011-10-12T21:01:00.001-07:00

Commodities Astrology ? Gold has risen to $1600, after touching $1921.

We are in the midst of a commodity bull market cycle, which started in
2000. We have been advocating buying gold, from $900 onwards. Silver
has gone upto $32 and lead and others are following suit. Increased
demand from China and India and the bearish nature of the stock market,
global cues all lead to this commodity bull market cycle.

Gold price is inversely proportional to the Dollex, the USDX. Jupiter rules gold. More info at Zodiac Astrology and Stock Market Astrology

It was observed that a Bull Market Cycle lasts for 18 years. In 1982, we had the stock market boom and the bust of 2000. Not only the stock market, but the dot com market also went bust. This started the commodities bull market cycle and experts say it will last till 2016/18. So the stock market is on a decline, along with Realty and dot com. On the contrary, commodities have gone up.

There are many reasons cited for the commodities boom. A falling US Dollar, the China Effect ( more than 700 million Chinese will be added to the consumer class by 2020), the India Effect ( more than 300 million Indians will be added to the consumer culture), tight supplies, demand more than supply and the interest rate cuts by the Fed.

Astrologically Jupiter in Aries, about to enter Taurus in May 2012, is responsible for the commodities boom. He rules Gold and other precious metals. ( Gurum Kanchana Sannibham ).

These are the Correspondence between Planets and Metals

Sun - Copper and gold.
Moon -Silver.
Mars - Copper.
Mercury - Brass.
Jupiter - Gold.
Venus - Silver & Aluminium.
Saturn - Iron, Minerals & Crude.

It has been observed that when the Stock Market is in Recession, commodities go up and vice verse. Hence these years will seem a boom in commodities.

Some of the reasons cited for the commodities boom

The Fed will lower interest rates
Supplies of oil, grains and metals are very low and the possibility of producing more in the next few years is low
The Dollex, the USDX, may decline furthur
As the standard of living rises in Chindia ( China and India ), more consumption will be the order of the day, leading to heavy demand.

Gold Astrology

2011-10-05T00:58:00.000-07:00

Gold is one of the best precious metals and we have been advocating buying gold at declines. We had started saying BUY Gold, when the price was $900 onwards. Now Gold is at $1628 for an ounce and still going strong.

The Oil Ministers decided in 2009 to trade oil in gold, yuan, yen and euro, as the Dollar was showing signs of weakness. This is one of the reasons why Gold is going up.

We have reports that billionaires like Soros and Bufett etc are taking up great positions in gold and buying mining companies.

It was observed that the Gold Price is inversely proportional to the Dollex, the USDX. Yesterday USDX went up by one point and gold declined from 1674 to 1645. Now it is at 1628 per ounce.

Jupiter represents Gold in Astrology. Now Jupiter in Aries is responsible for the secondary reaction happening in Gold. From a high of 1900 dollars, it is now at 1628.
You can draw your own conclusions !

Blood bath on Dalal Street

2011-09-22T20:40:00.001-07:00

We have said in our sites and columns that Jove in the 10th is detrimental to the Indian economy. It was proved right as the stock market plunged 704 points.

It was virtually blood bath on Dalal Street. The Dow fell and so did all indices.

Even though India may become the third largest economy by 2012 ( by GDP PPP ), now for seven months ( during Jupiter's transit of Aries ), she is in for a turbulent phase.
It is better to hold on. only at the bottom should one invest.

Speculation is taboo as anything can happen. Gold is also falling, may be temporarily. So is crude.

The problem can be compounded when Saturn leaves Virgo on Nov 15th. Only in May, when Jupiter moves over to Taurus, in India's 11th can we hope to see a bullish curve !

A 4.2 percent drop was the least desirable. The Federal Reserve warned of significant risks to global economic growth. All other Asian markets fell with key indices in various countries losing between 2-5 percent. Selling pressure was seen all over the bourses, as all the broader markets and sectoral indices closed deep in the red. Realty, metals, oil, gas and banking indices of the BSE closed 4-6 percent down. Nothing to panic, say the technical analysts !

Vedic Conservatory in Thailand

2011-09-20T20:54:00.001-07:00

The revered folk art and divine science of Vedic Thai massage, Assisted Yoga, Nuad Borarn, is promoted by Vedic Conservatory, a vedic school founded by Mukti Michael Buck. Each V C instructor is a devoted healer and servant of this noble Art.

Jove in the 11th will elevate India !

2011-09-20T20:51:00.001-07:00

India may overtake Japan by 2012 and become the third largest economy by 2012. According to Pricewatherhouse Coopers, India's GDP PPP will overtake Japan by 2012. Such a forecast seems to be probable, as Jupiter will be in the House of Gains for India next year. Jove in the 11th will bring handsome gains.

China will become the world's largest economy by 2020. Within one year, Indian GDP PPP will become $4.32 trillion, overtaking Japan's economy, estimated at $1000^4 ( 4.32 tr to be exact ).

“While the exact date is open to doubt, it seems highly likely that, by 2030, China will clearly be the largest economy in the world on PPP,” John Hawksworth, head of macroeconomics at PwC, wrote in the report.

The Decoupling theory, that India and China will not be affected by the global meltdown, still holds true. China will overtake Japan as the second largest economy this year, as Japan is facing a severe crisis !.

Yesterday the Sensex grew by 353 points and closed above 17 K. Despite the secondary reactions, the Stock Market seems to be on a growth track.

The Churning of the Milk Ocean at Bangkok Airport

2011-09-18T03:55:00.001-07:00

We were amazed to see Palazhi Madhanam, the Churning of the Ocean, depicted at
Thai Suvarnabhoomi Airport.

The Churning of the Ocean is allegorical, symbolising the great fight in the human bosom between Virtue and Vice. The forces of Virtue, the celestials, the devas fight the forces of Vice, the demons, the asuras. In this fight Immortality is the end result and Immortality is nothing but Self Actualisation !

P N Oak's theory that the base Civilization was Vedic from which everything began seems to be proved right !

Dr Kenneth Chandler averrs that the Vedic Civilizations is 10,000 years old.

He writes in his thesis " The Origins of Vedic Civilization" ....

How Ancient is Vedic Civilization?

Astronomical References in the Rig Veda and Other Evidence

Evidence from other sources known since the late nineteenth century also tends to
confirm the great antiquity of the Vedic tradition. Certain Vedic texts, for example,
refer to astronomical events that took place in ancient astronomical time. By calculating
the astronomical dates of these events, we thus gain another source of evidence that can
be used to place the Rig Veda in a calculable time-frame.

A German scholar and an Indian scholar simultaneously discovered in 1889 that the
Vedic Brahmana texts describe the Pleiades coinciding with the spring equinox. Older
texts describe the spring equinox as falling in the constellation Orion. From a
calculation of the precision of the equinoxes, it has been shown that the spring equinox lay in Orion in about 4,500 BC.

The German scholar, H. Jacobi, came to the conclusion that the Brahmanas are from a
period around or older than 4,500 BC. Jacobi concludes that “the Rig Vedic period of
culture lies anterior to the third pre-Christian millennium.”22 B. Tilak, using similar astronomical calculations, estimates the time of the Rig Veda at 6,000 BC.23
More recently, Frawley has cited references in the Rig Veda to the winter solstice
beginning in Aries. On this basis, he estimates that the antiquity of these verses of the Veda must go back at least to at least 6,500 BC.24 The dates Frawley gives for Vedic civilization are:

Period 1. 6500-3100 BC, Pre-Harappan, early Rig Vedic
Period 2. 3100-1900 BC, Mature Harappan 3100-1900, period of the Four Vedas
Period 3. 1900-1000 BC, Late Harappan, late Vedic and Brahmana period

Professor Dinesh Agrawal of Penn State University reviewed the evidence from a
variety of sources and estimated the dates as follows:

• Rig Vedic Age - 7000-4000 BC
• End of Rig Vedic Age - 3750 BC
• End of Ramayana-Mahabharat Period - 3000 BC
• Development of Saraswati-Indus Civilization - 3000-2200 BC
• Decline of Indus and Saraswati Civilization - 2200-1900 BC
• Period of chaos and migration - 2000-1500 BC
• Period of evolution of syncretic Hindu culture - 1400-250 BC

The Taittiriya Samhita (6.5.3) places the constellation Pleiades at the winter solstice, which correlates with astronomical events that took place in 8,500 BC at the earliest.

The Taittiriya Brahmana (3.1.2) refers to the Purvabhadrapada nakshatra as rising due
east—an event that occurred no later than 10,000 BC, according to Dr. B.G.Siddharth
of India’s Birla Science Institute. Since the Rig Veda is more ancient than the
Brahmanas, this would put the Rig Veda before 10,000 BC.

Ramayana Garden in Thailand

2011-09-17T22:13:00.001-07:00

This is the photo of the Ramayana Garden in Thailand.

The first poem and the greatest was Ramayana, opined Aurobindo. When the poet Valmiki saw two birds mating and a native killing one of the two said " Ma Nishada ", meaning " Dont do that, for it is Sin, it is Evil, it is against the Law of Conscience"!

Ma nishada pratishtantva nigama shashvathi sama
Yat krouncha midhunath eva avadhim kamamohitam

Ramayana is an allegorical and epic poem. As the Aryan Invasion Theorists argue, it is the not onslaught of the " Aryans" against the " Dravidians". The Aryan Invasion Theory has been proved wrong by scholars like Dr Konrad Elst, Dr Dennis Chandler, Aurobindo and Vivekananda.

Man's dual aspect is highlighted in this poem. The Ego is the imperfect term in Man and Self or the Divine in the perfect term. The Ego is the lower imperfect term of our being; Self is the higher, perfect term.

The Ego is symbolised as Ravana, the ten headed demon king. His ten heads represent Mind, Intelligence, Processing Mind, Ego, Lust, Greed, Anger, Avarice, Jealousy, Gluttony and Sloth.The Self is symbolised by Rama, who goes in search of Peace, Seetha, his beloved consort. The great struggle for supremacy between good and evil, light and darkness, prosperity and adversity, happening in the human bosom, is the Ramayana, where the forces of the Ego clash with the forces of the Self.

Ramayana is part of Buddhist lore and the Ramayana Garden is a testimony to this fact. This strengthens P N Oak's theory that the mother civilization of all was Vedic.

Saturn in Thailand

2011-09-15T21:04:00.001-07:00

Shani, the deity of Justice, Destiny and Retribution, has His presence in Thailand. In ancient Siam, one can see his statue.

Saturn, the melancholy planet, was rising at the birth of Dante. He is prominent in the horoscopes of Goethe and other poets and philosophers like Sankara. Without His Grace, liberation is not possible.

The most ancient Civilization was the Vedic and Dr Kenneth Chandler puts the origin at 4900 BC. According to him, the Aryan Invasion Theory is not correct.

Will Durant opined that India " is the mother of us all, through Sanskrit, the mother of Europe's languages".

Dr Kenneth Chandler writes

"The original theory proposed by the early historical linguistics who considered these issues was that Vedic Sanskrit conserved the original sound system of the “proto-Indo-European” language most closely, and that Iranian and European languages underwent a systematic sound shift, creating break-away or daughter languages spoken by the people who populated India and Europe. According to this theory, Vedic Sanskrit was put at near the trunk of the proto-Indo-European language tree, if not the trunk itself.

This theory has been challenged and hotly debated in recent years, most especially by
computer linguists.

Since the 1990s, it is now common for computer linguists to hold
that Sanskrit is not so near the root of the Indo-European language tree, but a
subsequent branch. A currently dominant theory is that the original Indo-European
language stemmed from an Indo-European proto-language that has since been lost.
The first languages to break off from the proto-Indo-European root, according to the
dominant contemporary linguistic theories, was Anatolian (the language of what is now
central Turkey), followed by Celtic (a language found in nearby Thrace in northeastern Greece, and also Ireland suggesting that there was a commerce or colonization between Ireland and early Thrace), then Greek, and then Armenian. According to these theories, the Indian and Iranian language groups are still later branches off the proto-Indo-European “root.”

The linguistic evidence appears to imply migrations of people from the Black Sea area
into India, and yet there is no anthropological evidence to support either a migration into northern India, or an invasion. Evidence from skeletal remains, as we saw, as well as pottery and other artifacts, show no cultural replacement at any time in north Indian Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. Ivanov, “Family Tree of the Indo-European Languages,” Scientific American, March, 1990, p. 110 and following.

Dr. Don Ringe and Dr. Ann Taylor, two linguists at the University of Pennsylvania, with the help of computer scientist Dr. Tandy Warnow, developed a computer algorithm to sift through the Indo- European languages and look for grammatical and phonetic similarities between them. Their work, published in 1996, has thrown up four possible family trees. “We have come up with a favorite,” says Dr. Warnow. The tree shows that the first breakaway language was Anatolian, an ancient group of languages once spoken in Turkey. Celtic was quick to follow, spawning Irish, Gaelic, Welsh and Breton. Armenian and Greek then developed from proto-Into-European. Strangely enough, one of the later branches to emerge, according to the runs of the computer programs, was Sanskrit.

It is interesting that the Celts settled in Thrace in northern Greece, just a short distance from Anatolia. Thrace was the birthplace of the Orphic mysteries which swept into Greece in the sixth century BC. Celtic is one of the earliest languages, along with Anatolian and Greek, to break off from the Indo European proto-language. The technique for self-knowledge described by Socrates were said to have come from Thrace. The Anatolians of central Turkey occupied the area near where the pre-Socratic tradition sprang up in the sixth century BC. This suggests that a technique was passed from India into the Celtic language.

Brihaspathi in Thailand

2011-09-14T20:53:00.000-07:00

This is the photo taken by my brother about my son taking a photo of the statue of Brihaspathi, the preceptor of the celestials, in Ancient Siam, in Thailand. . This highlights P N Oak's theory that the ancient civilization which permeated the world was Vedic.

How ancient is Vedic Civilization?

In his Origin of the Vedic Civilization, Dr Kenneth Chandler remarks " The body of literature produced by Greece and Rome from Homer to Proclus spans
roughly 1,300 years. The Vedic tradition produced an even larger body of literature
from the beginning of the Rig Veda to the end of the classical period, so it would
probably require at least 1,300 years for the Vedic tradition to generate a larger amount of literature. If we take 1,600 BC as the minimum date of the Mahabharata, this would put the beginning of the Vedic tradition sometime before 2,900 BC. If we take Wintenitz’s estimate of at least 1,900 years, this would put the beginning of the Rig Veda before 3,500 BC.

Dr Frawley and Rajaram, as well as many others, now put the date of the Mahabharata
war at about 3,000 BC (Maharishi Mahesh Yogi also gives this date in his commentary
on the Bhagavad Gita). If we add 1,900 years incubation time as Winternitz estimates,
this would put the dates of the Rig Veda back before 4,900 BC."

The Vedic Architecture of Thailand

2011-09-14T00:12:00.001-07:00

In Ancient Siam, which is a miniature replica of Thailand, there exists Vedic Art and sculpture. I was amazed to see the statue of Surya, the Vedic Deity, with seven horses, during my trip to Thailand.

Surya is the Sun and the seven horses represent VIBGYOR. He is the external symbol of the Absolute Self, who is the Cause of the septenary principles which pervade the Universe, as Life, Mind, Matter, Supermind, Existence, Consciousness and Beatitude ( Prana, Manas, Padartha, Prajnana and Sat Chit Ananda ) !

O Thou riding on a chariot
Drawn by horses seven
O Thou whose sight annihilates sins
To Thy Transcendental Majesty, I bow.

Sapthasva Ratham Aroodham
Prachandam Kasyapatmajam
Sarva Papa Haram Devam
Tham sooryam pranamamyaham

This confirms P N Oak's theory that in the beginning there was only one Civilization, the Vedic, from which everything began. Many Thai words are derived from Sanskrit. Many English words are also derived from Sanskrit.

Here are some words which are simliar.

brother, bhratr

Nova, nine, Nava

Centum, Shatha

Divya, divina, divine

candle, chandra

cardio, hrd

come, gam

deity, devata

eight, ashta

end, anta

genus, janus

gnosis, gnana

idea, vidya

identity, idamta

immortal, amrta

kalon, kalyana

mega, maha

man, manu

mind, manas

mortal, mrta

mother, matr

same, sama

three, tri

vivi, jiva

voice, vaca

wind, vata

wit video, vid

yoke, yoga

young, yuvan

advocate, adhivaktr

agri, ajira

bind, bandhi

bright, bharajat

In the "Origins of Vedic Civilization" Dr Kenneth Chandler remarks " India’s most substantial gift to world civilization was, however, the discovery of Pure
Consciousness and the mapping out of the architectonic structure of pure knowledge.
All other achievements derive from this great awakening of knowledge that took place
in ancient Vedic India."

I was on a trip to Malaysia and Thailand with my family and we stayed with my brother in Bangkok. We went to Kaula Lumpur on 3rd and left Bangkok on the 12th. A great vacation it was !

Of intercalary months, Adhi Masas

2011-09-01T21:23:00.001-07:00

The solar month is 30.438030202068 days

A lunar month = 29.5305881 days

It need not be added that a lunation or synodic month means the interval between two consecutive full moons or new moons. Conjunction ( New Moon ) is 0 degrees and Opposition ( Full Moon ) is 180 degrees

Hence a solar year does not have a whole number of lunar months ( about 12.37 lunations ) So a thirteenth embolismic or intercalary month is inserted.

It was observed that 19 solar years or 19*12 = 228 solar months = 235 lunations and hence 7 Adhi Masas were found in every 19 years. An intercalary or 13th month had to be inserted in a 19 year cycle and 19/7 was the ratio. .

They are called Adhi Masas in Indian Astronomy and they were computed using the Theory of continued fractions. The Theory of contiued Fractions is attributed to Euler. This 19 year old cycle is called the Metonic Cycle, named after the Greek astronomer, Meton.

But then the Indian mathematicians correctly computed the Adhi Masas, centuries before Meton or Euler ! The Indian National Calender is lunisolar, whose dates both indicate the solar year and the moon phases and the next date when the New Moon or Full Moon will occur. The length of the synodic month is given as 29.5305879 days in the Surya Siddhanta, which is correct to six decimals. Surya Siddhanta stated that there are 15933396 Adhi Masas in 51840000 solar months !

Of Vedic Maths

2011-08-30T20:52:00.001-07:00

Consisting of 16 basic aphorisms or Sutras, Vedic Mathematics is a system of Maths which prevailed in ancient India. Composed by Bharati Krishna Thirtha, these 16 sutras help one to do faster maths.

The first aphorism is this

"Whatever the extent of its deficiency, lessen it still further to that very extent; and also set up the square (of that deficiency)"

When computing the square of 9, as the nearest power of 10 is 9, let us take 10 as our base. As 9 is 1 less than 10, we can decrease it by the deficiency = 9-1 =8. This is the leftmost digit
On the right hand put deficiency^2, which is 1^2.

Hence the square of nine is 81.

For numbers above 10, instead of looking at the deficit we look at the surplus.

For example:

11^2 = (11+1)*10+1^2 = 121

12^2 = (12+2)*10+2^2 = 144

14^2 = ( 14+4)*10+4^2 = 196

25^2 = ((25+5)*2)*10+5^2 = 625

35^2= ((35+5)*3)*10+5^2 = 1225

Mathematics and Philosophy

2011-08-27T21:34:00.001-07:00

In India, mathematics is related to Philosophy. We can find mathematical
concepts like Zero ( Shoonyavada ), One ( Advaitavada ) and Infinity
(Poornavada ) in Philosophia Indica.

The Sine Tables of Aryabhata and Madhava, which gives correct sine values or values of
24 R Sines, at intervals of 3 degrees 45 minutes and the trignometric tables of
Brahmagupta, which gives correct sine and tan values for every 5 degrees influenced
Christopher Clavius, who headed the Gregorian Calender Reforms of 1582. These
correct trignometric tables solved the problem of the three Ls, ( Longitude, Latitude and
Loxodromes ) for the Europeans, who were looking for solutions to their navigational
problem ! It is said that Matteo Ricci was sent to India for this purpose and the
Europeans triumphed with Indian knowledge !

The Western mathematicians have indeed lauded Indian Maths & Astronomy. Here are
some quotations from maths geniuses about the long forgotten Indian Maths !

In his famous dissertation titled "Remarks on the astronomy of Indians" in 1790,
the famous Scottish mathematician, John Playfair said

"The Constructions and these tables imply a great knowledge of
geometry,arithmetic and even of the theoretical part of astronomy.But what,
without doubt is to be accounted,the greatest refinement in this system, is
the hypothesis employed in calculating the equation of the centre for the
Sun,Moon and the planets that of a circular orbit having a double
eccentricity or having its centre in the middle between the earth and the
point about which the angular motion is uniform.If to this we add the great
extent of the geometrical knowledge required to combine this and the other
principles of their astronomy together and to deduce from them the just
conclusion;the possession of a calculus equivalent to trigonometry and
lastly their approximation to the quadrature of the circle, we shall be
astonished at the magnitude of that body of science which must have
enlightened the inhabitants of India in some remote age and which whatever
it may have communicated to the Western nations appears to have received
another from them...."

Albert Einstein commented "We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count,
without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made."

The great Laplace, who wrote the glorious Mechanique Celeste, remarked

"The ingenious method of expressing every possible number
using a set of ten symbols (each symbol having a place value and an absolute
value) emerged in India. The idea seems so simple nowadays that its
significance and profound importance is no longer appreciated. Its
simplicity lies in the way it facilitated calculation and placed arithmetic
foremost amongst useful inventions. The importance of this invention is more
readily appreciated when one considers that it was beyond the two greatest
men of antiquity, Archimedes and Apollonius."

The Infinite Pi series of Madhava

2011-08-26T19:56:00.000-07:00

By means of the same argument, the circumference can be computed in another way too. That is as (follows): The first result should by the square root of the square of the diameter multiplied by twelve. From then on, the result should be divided by three (in) each successive (case). When these are divided in order by the odd numbers, beginning with 1, and when one has subtracted the (even) results from the sum of the odd, (that) should be the circumference. ( Yukti deepika commentary )

This quoted text specifies another formula for the computation of the circumference c of a circle having diameter d. This is as follows.

c = SQRT(12 d^2 - SQRT(12 d^2/3.3 + sqrt(12 d^2)/3^2.5 - sqrt(12d^2)/3^3.7 +.......

As c = Pi d , this equation can be rewritten as

Pi = Sqrt(12( 1 - 1/3.3 + 1/3^2.5 -1/3^3.7 +......

This is obtained by substituting z = Pi/ 6 in the power series expansion for arctan (z).

Pi/4 = 1 - 1/3 +1/5 -1/7+.....

This is Madhava's formula for Pi, and this was discovered in the West by Gregory and Liebniz.

Arctangent series of Madhava, Gregory and Liebniz

2011-08-25T21:07:00.001-07:00

The inverse tangent series of Madhava is given in verse 2.206 – 2.209 in Yukti-dipika commentary (Tantrasamgraha-vyakhya) by Sankara Variar . It is also given by Jyeshtadeva in Yuktibhasha and a translation of the verses is given below.

Now, by just the same argument, the determination of the arc of a desired sine can be (made). That is as follows: The first result is the product of the desired sine and the radius divided by the cosine of the arc. When one has made the square of the sine the multiplier and the square of the cosine the divisor, now a group of results is to be determined from the (previous) results beginning from the first. When these are divided in order by the odd numbers 1, 3, and so forth, and when one has subtracted the sum of the even(-numbered) results from the sum of the odd (ones), that should be the arc. Here the smaller of the sine and cosine is required to be considered as the desired (sine). Otherwise, there would be no termination of results even if repeatedly (computed).

Rendering in modern notations

Let s be the arc of the desired sine, bhujajya, y. Let r be the radius and x be the cosine (kotijya).

The first result is y.r/x
From the divisor and multiplier y^2/x^2
From the group of results y.r/x.y^2/x^2, y.r/x. y^2/x^2.y^2/x^2
Divide in order by number 1,3 etc
1 y.r/1x, 1y.r/3x y^2/x^2, 1y.r/5x.y^2/x^2.Y^2/x^2

a = (Sum of odd numbered results) 1 y.r/1x + 1y.r/5x.y^2/x^2.y^2/x^2+......

b= ( Sum of even numbered results) 1y.r/3x.y^2/x^2 + 1 y.r/7x.y^2/x^2.y^2/x^.y^2/x^2+.....

The arc is now given by
s = a - b

Transformation to current notation

If x is the angle subtended by the arc s at the Center of the Circle, then s = rx and kotijya = r cos x and bhujajya = r sin x. And sparshajya = tan x

Simplifying we get

x = tan x - tan^3x/'3 + tan^5x/5 - tan^7x/7 + .....

Let tan x = z, we have

arctan ( z ) = z - z^3/3 + z^5/5 - z^7/7

We thank www.wikipedia.org for publishing this on their site.

The Madhava cosine series

2011-08-24T21:33:00.001-07:00

Madhava's cosine series is stated in verses 2.442 and 2.443 in Yukti-dipika commentary (Tantrasamgraha-vyakhya) by Sankara Variar. A translation of the verses follows.

Multiply the square of the arc by the unit (i.e. the radius) and take the result of repeating that (any number of times). Divide (each of the above numerators) by the square of the successive even numbers decreased by that number and multiplied by the square of the radius. But the first term is (now)(the one which is) divided by twice the radius. Place the successive results so obtained one below the other and subtract each from the one above. These together give the śara as collected together in the verse beginning with stena, stri, etc.

Let r denote the radius of the circle and s the arc-length.

The following numerators are formed first:

s.s^2,
s.s^2.s^2
s.s^2.s^2.s^2

These are then divided by quantities specified in the verse.

1)s.s^2/(2^2-2)r^2,
2)s. s^2/(2^2-2)r^2. s^2/4^2-4)r^2
3)s.s^2/(2^2-2)r^2.s^2/(4^2-4)r^2. s^2/(6^2-6)r^2

As per verse,

sara or versine = r.(1-2-3)

Let x be the angle subtended by the arc s at the center of the Circle. Then s = rx and sara or versine = r(1-cosx)

Simplifying we get the current notation

1-cosx = x^2/2! -x^4/4!+ x^6/6!......

which gives the infinite power series of the cosine function.

The Madhava Trignometric Series

2011-08-23T21:41:00.000-07:00

The Madhava Trignometric series is one one of a series in a collection of infinite series expressions discovered by Madhava of Sangramagrama ( 1350-1425 ACE ), the founder of the Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics. These are the infinite series expansions of the Sine, Cosine and the ArcTangent functions and Pi. The power series expansions of sine and cosine functions are called the Madhava sine series and the Madhava cosine series.

The power series expansion of the arctangent function is called the Madhava- Gregory series.

The power series are collectively called as Madhava Taylor series. The formula for Pi is called the Madhava Newton series.

One of his disciples, Sankara Variar had translated his verse in his Yuktideepika commentary on Tantrasamgraha-vyakhya, in verses 2.440 and 2.441

Multiply the arc by the square of the arc, and take the result of repeating that (any number of times). Divide (each of the above numerators) by the squares of the successive even numbers increased by that number and multiplied by the square of the radius. Place the arc and the successive results so obtained one below the other, and subtract each from the one above. These together give the jiva, as collected together in the verse beginning with "vidvan" etc.

Rendering in modern notations

Let r denote the radius of the circle and s the arc-length.

The following numerators are formed first:

s.s^2,
s.s^2.s^2
s.s^2.s^2.s^2

These are then divided by quantities specified in the verse.

1)s.s^2/(2^2+2)r^2,
2)s. s^2/(2^2+2)r^2. s^2/4^2+4)r^2
3)s.s^2/(2^2+2)r^2.s^2/(4^2+4)r^2. s^2/(6^2+6)r^2

Place the arc and the successive results so obtained one below the other, and subtract each from the one above to get jiva:

Jiva = s-(1-2-3)

When we transform it to the current notation

If x is the angle subtended by the arc s at the center of the Circle, then s = rx and jiva = r sin x.

Sin x = x - x^3/3! + x^5/5! - x^7/7!...., which is the infinite power series of the sine function.

By courtesy www.wikipedia.org and we thank Wikipedia for publishing this on their site.

Of Natural Strength, Naisargika Bala

2011-08-22T03:00:00.001-07:00

Natural Strength, Naisargika Bala, is the inherent property of a celestial object, which possesses the following properties

1) This force is constant for a celestial object, not varying in time.

2) This force is proportional to the size of the diameter of the planets.

3) This force is inversely proportional to the distance, r, from the Sun.

4) It increases in the order from the farthest planet to the nearest planet to the Sun. From Saturn,Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Moon and Sun.

5) This Force is a major factor when planets are involved in Planetary War ( Graha Yuddha ), when their longitudes are more or less identical in the Ecliptic.

Let F1 and F2 be the Naisargika Bala of planets 1 and 2 situated in the same distance, r, from earth. Then we have

F1 = F(D1)/r
F2 = F(D2)/r

The ratio of the planetary Naisargika Bala is

F1/F2 = F(D1)/F(D2)

The forces are given by ( according to Newtonian modern theories)

F1= ( M1M/r^2)
F2= ( M2M/r^2)

The ratio of the gravitational forces are

F1/F2 = M1/M2

M1 = v1 d1
M2 = v2 d2 ( v volume d density )

If d1 = d2

then

F1/F2 = V1/V2 = F(D1)/F(D2)

Therefore the ratio of the Naisargika Balas of two planets at the same identical position in the Zodiac, as defined by the Indian astronomers, is almost identical to the ratios of the modern gravitational forces of these planets if their mass densities are identical.

Calculus, India's gift to Europe

2011-08-21T01:28:00.001-07:00

The Jesuits took the trignometric tables and planetary models from the Kerala School of Astronomy and Maths and exported it to Europe starting around 1560 in connection with the European navigational problem, says Dr Raju.

Dr C K Raju was a professor Mathematics and played a leading role in the C-DAC team which built Param: India’s first parallel supercomputer. His ten year research included archival work in Kerala and Rome and was published in a book called " The Cultural Foundations of Mathematics". He has been a Fellow of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study and is a Professor of Computer Applications.

“When the Europeans received the Indian calculus, they couldn’t understand it properly because the Indian philosophy of mathematics is different from the Western philosophy of mathematics. It took them about 300 years to fully comprehend its working. The calculus was used by Newton to develop his laws of physics,” opines Dr Raju.

The Infinitesimal Calculus: How and Why it Was Imported into Europe

By Dr C.K. Raju

It is well known that the “Taylor-series” expansion, that is at the heart of calculus, existed in India in widely distributed mathematics / astronomy / timekeeping (“jyotisa”) texts which preceded Newton and Leibniz by centuries.

Why were these texts imported into Europe? These texts, and the accompanying precise sine values computed using the series expansions, were useful for the science that was at that time most critical to Europe: navigation. The ‘jyotisa’ texts were specifically needed by Europeans for the problem of determining the three “ells”: latitude, loxodrome, and longitude.

How were these Indian texts imported into Europe? Jesuit records show that they sought out these texts as inputs to the Gregorian calendar reform. This reform was needed to solve the ‘latitude problem’ of European navigation. The Jesuits were equipped with the knowledge of local languages as well as mathematics and astronomy that were required to understand these Indian texts.

The Jesuits also needed these texts to understand the local customs and how the dates of traditional festivals were fixed by Indians using the local calendar (“panchânga”). How the mathematics given in these Indian ancient texts subsequently diffused into Europe (e.g. through clearing houses like Mersenne and the works of Cavalieri, Fermat, Pascal, Wallis, Gregory, etc.) is yet another story.

The calculus has played a key role in the development of the sciences, starting from the “Newtonian Revolution”. According to the “standard” story, the calculus was invented independently by Leibniz and Newton. This story of indigenous development, ab initio, is now beginning to totter, like the story of the “Copernican Revolution”.

The English-speaking world has known for over one and a half centuries that “Taylor series” expansions for sine, cosine and arctangent functions were found in Indian mathematics / astronomy / timekeeping (‘jyotisa’) texts, and specifically in the works of Madhava, Neelkantha, Jyeshtadeva, etc. No one else, however, has so far studied the connection of these Indian developments to European mathematics.

The connection is provided by the requirements of the European navigational problem, the foremost problem of the time in Europe. Columbus and Vasco da Gama used dead reckoning and were ignorant of celestial navigation. Navigation, however, was both strategically and economically the key to the prosperity of Europe of that time.

Accordingly, various European governments acknowledged their ignorance of navigation while announcing huge rewards to anyone who developed an appropriate technique of navigation. These rewards spread over time from the appointment of Nunes as Professor of Mathematics in 1529, to the Spanish government’s prize of 1567 through its revised prize of 1598, the Dutch prize of 1636, Mazarin’s prize to Morin of 1645, the French offer (through Colbert) of 1666, and the British prize legislated in 1711.

Many key scientists of the time (Huygens, Galileo, etc.) were involved in these efforts. The navigational problem was the specific objective of the French Royal Academy, and a key concern for starting the British Royal Society.

Prior to the clock technology of the 18th century, attempts to solve the European navigational problem in the 16th and 17th centuries focused on mathematics and astronomy. These were (correctly) believed to hold the key to celestial navigation. It was widely (and correctly) held by navigational theorists and mathematicians (e.g. by Stevin and Mersenne) that this knowledge was to be found in the ancient mathematical, astronomical and time-keeping (jyotisa) texts of the East.

Though the longitude problem has recently been highlighted, this was preceded by the latitude problem and the problem of loxodromes. The solution of the latitude problem required a reformed calendar. The European calendar was off by ten days. This led to large inaccuracies (more than 3 degrees) in calculating latitude from the measurement of solar altitude at noon using, for example, the method described in the Laghu Bhâskarîya of Bhaskara I.

However, reforming the European calendar required a change in the dates of the equinoxes and hence a change in the date of Easter. This was authorised by the Council of Trent in 1545. This period saw the rise of the Jesuits. Clavius studied in Coimbra under the mathematician, astronomer and navigational theorist Pedro Nunes. Clavius subsequently reformed the Jesuit mathematical syllabus at the Collegio Romano. He also headed the committee which authored the Gregorian Calendar Reform of 1582 and remained in correspondence with his teacher Nunes during this period.

Jesuits such as Matteo Ricci who trained in mathematics and astronomy under Clavius’ new syllabus were sent to India. In a 1581 letter, Ricci explicitly acknowledged that he was trying to understand the local methods of time-keeping (‘jyotisa’) from the Brahmins and Moors in the vicinity of Cochin.

Cochin was then the key centre for mathematics and astronomy since the Vijaynagar Empire had sheltered it from the continuous onslaughts of Islamic raiders from the north. Language was not a problem for the Jesuits since they had established a substantial presence in India. They had a college in Cochin and had even established printing presses in local languages like Malayalam and Tamil by the 1570’s.

In addition to the latitude problem (that was settled by the Gregorian Calendar Reform), there remained the question of loxodromes. These were the focus of efforts of navigational theorists like Nunes and Mercator.

The problem of calculating loxodromes is exactly the problem of the fundamental theorem of calculus. Loxodromes were calculated using sine tables. Nunes, Stevin, Clavius, etc. were greatly concerned with accurate sine values for this purpose, and each of them published lengthy sine tables. Madhava’s sine tables, using the series expansion of the sine function, were then the most accurate way to calculate sine values.

Madhava's sine series

sin x = x - x^3/3! + x^5/5! - x^7/7!+......

The Europeans encountered difficulties in using these precise sine values for determining longitude, as in the Indo-Arabic navigational techniques or in the Laghu Bhâskarîya. This is because this technique of longitude determination also required an accurate estimate of the size of the earth. Columbus had underestimated the size of the earth to facilitate funding for his project of sailing to the West. His incorrect estimate was corrected in Europe only towards the end of the 17th century CE.

Even so, the Indo-Arabic navigational technique required calculations while the Europeans lacked the ability to calculate. This is because algorismus texts had only recently triumphed over abacus texts and the European tradition of mathematics was “spiritual” and “formal” rather than practical, as Clavius had acknowledged in the 16th century and as Swift (of ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ fame) had satirized in the 17th century. This led to the development of the chronometer, an appliance that could be mechanically used without any application of the mind.

The Idea of Planetary Mass in India

2011-08-20T05:22:00.001-07:00

Many ancient cultures have contributed to the development of Astro Physics.

Some examples are

The Saros cycles of eclipses discovered by Egyptians
The classification of stars by the Greeks
Sunspot observations of the Chinese
The phenomenon of Retrogression discovered by Babylonians

In this context the Indian contribution to Astro Physics ( which includes Astronomy, Maths and Astrology ) is the the development of the ideas of planetary forces and differential equations to calculate the geocentric planetary longitudes, several centuries before the European Renaissance.

Natural Strength is one of the Sixfold Strengths, Shad Balas and goes by the name Naisargika Bala. It is directly proportional to the size of the celestial bodies and inversely proportional to the geocentric distance. ( Horasara ).

Naisargika Bala or Natural Strength is used to compare planetary physical forces. When two planets occupy the same, identical position in the Zodiac at a given instant of time, such a phenomenon goes by the name of planetary war or Graha Yuddha,happening when two planets are in close conjunction. The Karanaratna written by Devacharya explains that the planet with the larger diameter is the victor in this planetary war. This implies Naisargika Bala.

The Surya Siddhanta says " The dynamics or quantity of motion produced by the action of a fixed force to different planetary objects is inversely related to the quantity of matter in these objects"

This definition more or less equals the statement of Newton’s second law of motion

M = Fa
or
a = F/M

So it strongly suggests that the idea of planetary mass was known to the ancient Indian astronomers and mathematicians.

Differential Equations used in Siddhantas

2011-08-18T21:43:00.001-07:00

Motional strength is one the sixfold strengths, known as Cheshta Bala. This motional strength is computed by the formula

Motional Strength = 0.33 ( Sheegrocha or Perigee - geocentric longitude of the planet ). This motional strength is known as Cheshta Bala.

Differential Calculus is the science of rates of the change. If y is the longitude of the planet and t is time, then we have the differential equation ,dy/dt.

During direct motion, we find that dy/dt > 0 and during retrogression dy/dt < 0. During backward motion of the planet ( retrogression) y decreases with time and during direct motion y increases with time. When there are turning points known as Vikalas or stationary points, we have dy/dt = 0 ( where planets like Mars will appear to be stationary for an observer on Earth ).

The quantity in bracket is the Sheegra Anomaly, the Anomaly of Conjuction, the angular distance of the planet from the Sun. This Anomaly or Cheshta Bala is maximum at the center of the Retrograde Loop. Cheshta Kendra is defined as the Arc of Retrogression and is the same as Sheegra Kendra, Kendra being an angle in Sanskrit. During Opposition, when the planet is 180 degrees from the Sun, Cheshta Bala is maximum and during Conjunction, when the planet is 0 degrees from the Sun, it is minimum

The Motional Strength is given in units of 60s, Shashtiamsas.

Direct motion ( Anuvakra ) 30
Stationary point ( Vikala ) 15
Very slow motion ( Mandatara ) 7.5
Slow motion ( Manda ) 15
Average speed ( Sama ) 30
Fast motion ( Chara ) 30
Very fast motion ( Sheegra Chara ) 45
Max orbital speed ( Vakra ) 60
(Centre of retrograde)

The Nine Oribtal Elements

2011-08-17T21:03:00.001-07:00

Mean and true planetary longitudes in the Zodiac is computed by Nine Orbital Elements, in Indian Astronomy.

Mean longitude of Planet, Graha Madhyama , M
Daily Motion of the Mean Longitude, Madhyama Dina Gathi, Md
Aphelion, Mandoccha, Ap
Daily Motion of Aphelion, Mandoccha Dina Gathi, Apd
Ascending Node, Patha, N
Daily Motion of Ascending Node, Patha Dina Gathi, Nd
Heliocentric Distance, Manda Karna, radius vector, mndk
Maximum Latitude, L, Parama Vikshepa
Eccentricity, Chyuthi,e

In Western Astronomy, we have six orbital elements

Mean Anomaly, m
Argument of Perihelion, w
Eccentricity, e
Ascending Node, N
Inclination, i, inclinent of orbit
Semi Major Axis, a

With the Nine Orbital Elements, true geocentric longitude of the planet is computed, using multi step algorithms.

There is geometrical equivalence between both the Epicycle and the Eccentric Models.

The radius of the Epicycle, r = e, the distance of the Equant from the Observer.

Astronomical Units of Time Measurement

2011-08-14T22:27:00.001-07:00

We find Yuga cylces mentioned not only in astronomical works, but also in mythological works in India.

Kali Yuga began on the midnight of 17th Feb 3102 BCE and the duration of this Kali Yuga is said to be 4.32 K solar years. Dwapara is 2*Kali Yuga years. Treta is 3*K Y and Krita Yuga is 4*K Y.

Krita Treta Dwaparascha Kalischaiva Chaturyugam
Divya Dwadasabhir varshai savadhanam niroopitham

Thus an Equinoctial Cycle, Mahayuga is equal to 4+3+2+1 = 10 KYs.

E C = 10 KYs.

A Greater Equinoctial Cycle ( Manvantara ) = 71 Equinoctial Cycles

There are cusps happening in between Manvantaras, each equal to a Krita Yuga in duration. A Krita is equal to 4 KYs or 2/5 of a Maha Yuga. Since there will 15 such cusps happening amongst the Fourteen Manvantaras, they are equal to 15*2/5 = 6 Mahayugas.

Hence 14*71+6 = 1000 Mahayugas = 4.32 Billion Years

Sahasra yuga paryantham
Aharyal brahmano vidu
Ratrim yugah sahasrantham
The Ahoratra vido janah ( The Holy Geetha ).

This is one Cosmological Cycle, called Brahma Kalpa.

Chaturyuga sahasram indra harina dinam uchyathe

From one second, it can be logarithmically shown, upto 10^22 seconds. This is what the above diagram shows. This diagram is by courtesy of Wikipedia.

From 10^0 it goes upto 10^22 seconds. One day of Brahma is 4.32 billion years and 100 years of Brahma therefore is 311.04 trillion years, which is shown logarithmically above.

One Asu is 4 seconds, one Vinadi is 24 seconds and one Nadi is 24 minutes. 60 such Nadis make up one day. This is the Sexagesimal division of a day into 60 Nadis ! In Astronomy, one degree is sixty minutes and one minute is sixty seconds. Hence sexagesimal division is justified ! 365.25 such days constitute a year and Hindu calculation goes upto 311.04 trillion years !

The Geometric Model of Paramesvara

2011-08-13T23:13:00.001-07:00

The Indian astronomers were interested in the computation of eclipses, of geocentric longitudes, the risings and settings of planets,which had relevance to the day to day activities of people.

Did not Emerson say?

"Astronomy is excellent, it should come down and give life its full value, and not rest amidst globes and spheres ".

They were not bothered about proposing Models of the Universe and gaining publicity. But then they did discuss the geometrical model, the rationale of their computations.

The above diagram explains the Geometric Model of Parameswara, another Kerala astronomer. Paramesvara and Nilakanta modified the Aryabhatan Model.

By Sheegroccha, he meant the longitude of the Sun." Sheegrocham Sarvesham Ravir bhavathi ", he says is his book Bhatadeepika . For the interior planets, the longitude of the Sheegra correction is to be deducted from the Sun's longitude, Ravi Sphuta to get the Anomaly of Conjunction.

The Manda Prathimandala is the mean angular motion of the Planet, from which the trignometric corrections are given to get the true, geocentric longitude.

Vikshepa Koti, the cosine of celestial latitude

2011-08-11T20:26:00.000-07:00

Jyeshtadeva was a Kerala astronomer who helped in the calculation of longitudes, when there is latitudinal deflection. In his Yukti Bhasa, he calculates correctly the cos l, the cosine of latitude, which is important in the Reduction to the Ecliptic.

There is a separate section in the Yukti Bhasa, which deals with the effects of the inclination of a planet's orbit on its latitude. He describes how to find the true longitude of a planet, Sheegra Sphutam, when there is latitudinal deflection.

"Now calculate the Vikshepa Koti, cos l, by subtracting the square of the Vikshepa from the square of the Manda Karna Vyasardha and calculating the root of the difference."

In the above diagram,

N is the Ascending Node
P is the planet on the Manda Karna Vritta, inclined to the Ecliptic

Vikshepa Koti = OM = ( OP^2 - PM^2 ) ^1/2

Taking this Vikshepa Koti and assuming it to be the Manda Karna, sheegra sphuta, the true longitude, has to be calculated as before.

Vikshepa, the Celestial Latitude

2011-08-10T21:46:00.001-07:00

l, Vikshepa, is the Celestial Latitude, the latitude of the planet, the angular distance of the planet from the Ecliptic.

i is the inclination, inclinent of Orbit.

Sin l = Sin i Sin( Heliocentric Long - Long of Node ).

Celestial Latitude is calculated from this equation.

The longitude of the Ascending Node, pata, is minussed from the heliocentric longitude and this angle is called Vipata Kendra.

Sidereal Periods in the Geocentric Model

2011-08-08T02:25:00.001-07:00

In the last post we said that Angle AES is Sheegroccha, which is the longitude of the Sun. ( Sheegrocham Sarvesham Ravir Bhavathi ). The Angle AEK is the Heliocentric longitude of the planet.

Sidereal Periods of superior Planets in the Geocentric = Sidereal periods in the Heliocentric.

Sidereal Periods of Mercury and Venus = Mean Sun in the Geocentric

In the Planetary Model of Aryabhata, we find the equation

Heliocentric Longitude - Longitude of Sun = The Anomaly of Conjunction ( Sheegra Kendra ).

As Astronomy is Universal, we are indebted to these savants who made astro calculation possible. Even the word " genius " is an understatement of their brilliant IQ !

Development of the Planetary Models in Astronomy

Hipparchus 150 BCE
Claudious Ptolemy 150 ACE
Aryabhata 499 ACE
Varaha 550 ACE
Brahmagupta 628 ACE
Bhaskara I 630 ACE
Al Gorismi 850 ACE
Munjala 930 ACE
Bhaskara II 1150 ACE
Madhava 1380 ACE
Ibn al Shatir 1350 ACE
Paramesvara 1430 ACE
Nilakanta 1500 ACE
Copernicus 1543 ACE
Tycho Brahe 1587 ACE
Kepler 1609 ACE
Laplace 1700 ACE
Urbain Le Verrier 1850 ACE
Simon Newcomb 1900 ACE
E W Brown 1920 ACE

Reduction to the Geocentric for superior planets in the Eccentric Model

2011-08-06T21:53:00.000-07:00

In the above diagram,

A = Starting Point, 0 degree Aries
P = Planet
S = Sun
E = Earth

Angle AEK = Manda Sphuta, heliocentric longitude, after manda samskara
Angle AES = Sheegroccha, mean Sun, mean longitude of Sol
Angle AEP = True geocentric longitude of planet
Angle KEP = The Sheegra Correction or sheegra phalam

The Anomaly of Conjunction = Sheegra Kendra = Angle AES - Angle AEK

x = Angle AES - Angle AEK

Sin ( x ) =

r sin (x)
_______________________
((R + r cos x)^2 + rsin x^2 ))^1/2

which is the Sheegra correction formula given by the Indian astronomers to calculate the geocentric position of the planet.

Aslesha Njattuvela brings rains !

2011-08-05T20:59:00.001-07:00

It was Monsoon Tourism, as Aslesha Njattuvela was on. It was raining heavily, cats and dogs in Kerala. I got the rains when I reached Kochi. I had some work at the Passport Office and I finished the work at Noon. Then I went on a tour of the famous Goshree Islands.

I went by boat yesterday to the beautiful Bolgatty Island. A two minutes walk saw me entering the lovely Bolgatty Palace, a resort by the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation.

I walked to the Bolgatty Bus Stand and took a bus to Vallarpadam International Container Terminal. Now everything is in place and one ship, OEL Dubai, was unloading. The progress of the ICTT is slow, but steady.

The Bolgatty Palace is beautiful and well situated in the Mulavukad Island. This island is connected to Vallarpadam by a bridge. Vallarpadam is in turn connected to Vypin by a bridge. In fact these bridges are known as Goshree Bridges, as these beateous islands are known as Goshree Islands. In Vypin, one can see the GAIL LNG terminals, which adorn Puthuvypin.

A new bridge, parallel to the existing Vallarpadam bridge, is being built to ease the traffic. I saw a barge jetty at Bolgatty and a barge carrying containers there.

Kochi is a cauldron of world cultures. A versatile land where visitors from abroad, right from Arabs and Phoenicians to the Chinese, Italians, Portugese, Dutch and British have left indelible marks. A great Port, universally known as the Queen of the Arabian Sea. The newly renovated Bolgatty Palace has 4 palace suits, 6 waterfront cottages, 16 well maintained rooms and one can enjoy four star faciliites and a range of leisure options.

Said a honeymooner, Asmita, Calcullat about Bolgatty " We went to Kerala for our honeymoon and Kochi was our first stop. We reached the resort at around 3:30pm after a long flight and were famished. Since we reached post lunch timings none of the restaurants were open, however the room service was very prompt and we had an amazing keralite food. The rooms are large, and built in a princely way. The property is equipped with all the modern facilities and the stay was really comfortable.
We enjoyed the Kerala body message in the resort . The location is also great. Overall its a great place to stay ".

The Bolgatty Palace was built in 1744 by the Dutch and is a short boat ride away from the Ernakulam Mainland. This is one of the oldest Dutch Palaces outside Holland the only Palace Hotel of its kind in Kerala. Now she has a Palace block and a resort block, called Bolgatty Island Resort. Amenities here comprise Swimming Pool, 9 hole Golf Course and is a destination of choice for select Indian corporates for their conference. It is a favourite destination for Indian elite and overseas tourists. The Kochi Airport is just 32 kms away and the rail and bus terminals just 2 km away.

Kochi International Marina is a KTDC venture located on the eastern coast of Bolgatty Island in the Bolgatty Palace Heritage Hotel. It is the first full fledged marina of international standards in Bharat. It provides berthing facilities to 37 yachts and also offers services like electricity, water and fuel for boats. It is close to the international sea route at the South West Coast of peninsular India , with minimum tidal variations and favorable conditions.

The Bolgatty Event Center overlooks the backwaters of Cochin Seaport and is an exotic venue for conducting Conferences, Exhitions, Wedding Receptions, Conventions and theme dinners. Imbued with resplendent greenery, the Arabian Sea and the ICTT at Vallarpadam gives an easy access to the Center.

Siddhanta Darpana by Samanta

2011-08-03T22:04:00.000-07:00

Siddhanta Darpana by Samanta is a great treatise on Astronomy. The placing of the five major planets in the Tychonic Model of the solar system is in agreement with the Titius-Bode Law and even with Kepler's third law. This is a great contribution from Samanta. Epicycles for Solar Anomaly, known as Ugra Phala give correct distances of planets, in both Indian and Greek Astronomy.

Here we give the modern values of the radii of the orbits of the planets and those given in his magnum opus, the Siddhanta Darpana.

Planetary distances in astronomical unit

Planet Distance according to Bode’s law Actual distance

Mercury 0.4 0.387

Venus 0.7 0.732

Earth 1.0 1.0

Mars 1.6 1.524

Asteroid belt 2.8 2.68

Saturn 10.0 9.539

Uranus 19.6 19.19

Neptune 38.8 30.1

Pluto 77.2 39.5

Siddhanta Darpana

Even Odd

quadrant quadrant

Sun 1.00 1.00

Mercury 0.386 0.388

Venus 0.725 0.727

Mars 1.5126 1.5184

Jupiter 5.1428 5.2173

Saturn 9.230 9.4773

The Obliquity of the Ecliptic !

2011-07-31T22:49:00.001-07:00

The Earth's Axial tilt is called the Obliquity of the Ecliptic and the is angle between the perpendicular to Orbit and the North Celestial Pole.

The Equatorial coordinate system is based on the 360 degree Celestial Equator Circle. The Ecliptic coordinate system is based on the 360 degree Ecliptic circle.

The mathematical conversion from Equatorial to Ecliptic is effectuated by the equation for the Ascendant

Lagna = arctan ( Sin E / Cos E Cos w - Sin w Tan A )

where Lagna is the Lagna on the Ecliptic andE is the Lagna on the Celestial Equator, the Sayana Kala Lagna. The Sayana Kala Lagna, E, is reduced to the Ecliptic by this equation. The Lagna is the intersecting point between the Eastern Celestial Horizon, the Kshitija with the Ecliptic.

w is the Sun's maximum declination and A is the latitude of the place.

The above diagram is by courtesy of Wikipedia

Computation of Lunar Longitude

2011-07-23T21:12:00.003-07:00

w was an important angle in the Munjala Model and the solution to the problem of a difference of 2.5 degrees in the lunar longitude had to be solved. So Munjala brought in an angle, w, angle between the Mean Sun and the Moon's Apogee.

The angle n is the elongation of the Sun from the Mean Moon and so the

Manda Anomaly, Alpha = w + n

This diagram is by courtesy of Jean-Pierre Lacroix and Robert Baywater, www.ancientcartography.net

The Epicycle Model of Bhaskara

2011-07-22T23:38:00.001-07:00

The Model propounded by Aryabhata is an algorithm. The Khmers drew the diagrams of the Sun by using the epicyle equivalent of the model developed by Bhaskara in the seventh century. Eccentricity is variable in this Epicycle Model.

You can see a relevant animation of Dennis Duke at
http://people.scs.fsu.edu/~dduke/pingree2.html

The True Equant

2011-07-22T03:26:00.001-07:00

The Indian astronomers could calculate the Manda Kendra ( The Equation of Center of Western Astronomy ) and the Manda Phala, but a problem presented itself when calculating the lunar longitude.

The Concentric Model and the Epicylic Model could not calculate Moon's longitude at quadrature, even though they could calculate the lunar longitude at the times of New Moon and Full Moon. There was a difference of 2.5 degrees between the longitude computed by the Concentric Equant and Epicyclic Models. So the ancients had to give a correction to the Equation of Center, which reached a maximum of 2.5 degrees.

So the Indian astronomers came out with a solution. They created a new Equant (E'), the true Equant, which moves on an epicycle, whose center is the Mean Equant, E. The epicycle has a radius e, equal to EoE., on the Line of Apsis, OA.

q1 = Equation of Center, first lunar inequality
q2 = Correction, second lunar inequality.

True Longitude = Mean long + Eq of Center + q2

The first lunar anomaly was the Evection and the second, the Variation. The first inequality was the Equation of Center and the Evection and the Variation became the second and third inequalities. Actually Indian Astronomy recognised 14 major perturbations of the Moon and 14 corrections are therefore given to get the Cultured Longitude of the Moon, the Samskrutha Chandra Madhyamam. Then Reduction to Ecliptic is done to get the true longitude of Luna !

This diagram is by courtesy of Jean-Pierre Lacroix and Robert Baywater, www.ancientcartography.net

The Concentric Equant Model of Aryabhata

2011-07-21T23:11:00.001-07:00

Aryabhata developed a Concentric Equant Model, in the sixth century. The Sun moves on a circle of radius R, called a deferent, whose center is the Observer on Earth. The distance between the Earth and the Sun, the Ravi Manda Karna, is constant. The motion of the Sun is uniform from a mathematical point, called the " Equant", which is located at a distance R x e from the observer in the direction of the Apogee ( e = eccentricity ).

All Indian computations are based on this Concentric Equal Model. The normal equation for computing the Manda Anomaly is R e Sin M and resembles the Kepler Equation, M = E - e Sin E.

This diagram is by courtesy of Jean-Pierre Lacroix and Robert Baywater, www.ancientcartography.net

The Lunar Model Of Munjala

2011-07-21T02:30:00.001-07:00

The Concentric Equant theory was developed by the Indian astronomer, Munjala ( circa 930 CE ).

The Geocentric theory of the ancient astronomers had the ability to produce true Zodiacal Longitudes for the Moon. But the perturbations of the Moon were so complex, that the early Indian and Greek astronomers had to give birth to complicated theories.

The simplest model is a concentric Equant Model to compute the lunar true longitude.

In the above diagram

M = Moon
O = Observer
Eo = Equant , located at a distance r from the observer , drawn on the Line of Apsis and the Apogee.

A = Apogee, Luna's nearest point to Earth

Angle Alpha = Angle between Position and Apogee
Angle q1 = Equation of Center . Angle subtended at Luna between Observer and Equant
Equation in Astronomy = The angle between true and mean positions.

These diagrams are by courtesy of Jean-Pierre Lacroix and Robert Baywater, www.ancientcartography.net

Astronomy & Maths In India

2011-07-19T22:24:00.001-07:00

The Physics Professor of Florida State University, Dennis Duke remarks

"The planetary models of ancient Indian mathematical astronomy are described in several texts. These texts invariably give algorithms for computing mean and true longitudes of the planets, but are completely devoid of any material that would inform us of the origin of the models. One way to approach the problem is to compare the predictions of the Indian models with the predictions from other models that do have, at least in part, a known historical background. Since the Indian models compute true longitudes by adding corrections to mean longitudes, the obvious choices for these latter models are those from the Greco-Roman world. In order to investigate if there is any connection between Greek and Indian models, we should therefore focus on the oldest Indian texts that contain fully described, and therefore securely computable, models. We shall see that the mathematical basis of the Indian models is the equant model found in the Almagest, and furthermore, that analysis of the level of development of Indian astronomy contemporary to their planetary schemes strongly suggests, but does not rigorously prove, that the planetary bisected equant model is pre-Ptolemaic. "

The mutli step algorithms of Indian Astronomy never approximated any Greek geometrical model. Ptolemy's Almagest was the first book, according to Western Astronomy. We have now the information that Ptolemy did not invent the equant.

Bhaskara II was an astronomer-mathematician par excellence and his magnum opus, the Siddhanta Siromani (" Crown of Astronomical Treatises") , is a treatise on Astronomy and Mathematics. His book deals with arithemetic, algebra, computation of celestial longitudes of planets and spheres. His work on Kalana ( Calculus ) predates Liebniz and Newton by half a millenium.

The Siddanta Siromani is divided into four parts

1)The Lilavati - ( Arithmetic ) wherein Bhaskara gives proof of c^2 = a^ + b^2. The solutions to cubic, quadratic and quartic indeterminate equations are explained.

2)The Bijaganitha ( Algebra )- Properties of Zero, estimation of Pi, Kuttaka ( indeterminate equations ), integral solutions etc are explained.

3)The Grahaganitha ( Mathematics of the planets ).

For both Epicycles

The Manda Argument , Mean Longitude of Planet - Aphelion = Manda Anomaly

The Sheegra Argument, Ecliptic Longitude - Long of Sun = Sheegra Anomaly

and the computations from there on are explained in detail.

4)The Gola Adhyaya ( Maths of the spheres )

Bhaskara is known for in the discovery of the principles of Differential Calculus and its application to astronomical problems and computations. While Newton and Liebniz had been credited with Differential Calculus, there is strong evidence to suggest that Bhaskara was the pioneer in some of the principles of differential calculus. He was the first to conceive the differential coefficient and differential calculus.

Khagola, the Celestial Coordinate System

2011-07-19T00:15:00.000-07:00

( Above diagram by courtesy of www.wikipedia.org )

A 360 degree Circle is a coordinate System. And Khagola is the Celestial Coordinate System.

Like the Geographical Coordinate System, the Celestial Coordinate System is another coordinate system, which computes the coordinates of the Khagola, the Celestial Sphere.

The Ascending Sign is called the Ascendant ( Raseenam udayo lagnam ) and is the intersecting point of the Ecliptic ( at the East Point) with the Celestial Horizon. The Descending Sign is the Descendant ( Astha Lagna ) and lies 180 degrees West on the Khshithija, the Celestial Horizon.

Like the Geographical Meridien ( the Prime Meridien ) and the Geographic Equator, the Celestial Coordinate System has a Celestial Meridien ( Nadi Vritta ) and a Celestial Equator.

The Vernal Equinox and the Autumnal Equinox are two intersecting points of the Ecliptic with the Vishu vat Vritta, the Celestial Equator, known as Meshadi and Thuladi.

The Hindu Zero Point of the Ecliptic starts from 0 degrees Beta Arietis, Ashwinyadi, which is the beginning point of the Sidereal Zodiac. This is the Nirayana System, sidereal. The Tropical System, Sayana, also has its adherents in India and starts from Meshadi, 0 degree Aries.

The Galactic Center, the Vishnu Nabhi, lies in Sagittarius. NEP is the North Ecliptic Pole, NGP is the North Galactic Pole and NCP is the North Celestial Pole.

It is raining cats and dogs in Kerala

2011-07-18T17:22:00.000-07:00

On Saturday, the heavens brimmed with pessimistic prophecies and then came the downpour. ( Today is 19th Jul 2011 )

The Sun has disappeared and it is now raining cats and dogs here. As a concomitant result, I got cold !

This SW Monsoon, defined as a failure this season, may perk up, compensating for the lack of rains during the earlier Mrigasira and Aridra Solar Periods ( Njattuvelas ). Now Punarvasu Njattuvela is on, as the Sun transits Beta Geminorum.

Now the paddy fields are full of water and it rained heavily at night day before yesterday. The ocean became hostile on Chavakkad Beach and surrounding areas, wreaking destruction.

The Double Epicyclic Model of India

2011-07-17T20:42:00.001-07:00

This diagram is by courtesy of Jean-Pierre Lacroix and Robert Baywater, www.ancientcartography.net

We have the Double Epicyclic Model - that of Manda Epicycle and Sheegra Epicycles - in Indian Astronomy, which explain the Zodiacal and Solar anomalies. One Epicycle explains the Zodiacal Anomaly and the other the Solar Anomaly.

( Zodiacal Anomaly - That all planets move slower at Aphelion and faster at Perihelion.
Solar Anomaly - The astronomical phenomenon of Retrogression. Backward Motion. When a planet changes its course from perihelion to aphelion, it retrogrades in order to gain the Sun's celestial gravity )

Dennis Duke, of Florida State University, says " We have only to conclude that Ptolemy did not invent the equant. " If Ptolemy did not invent the equant, as Westerners widely believe, then who did ?

"The bisected Indian equant model is pre-Ptolemaic' says he. Other Greek books, prior to Ptoemy, may have influenced Indian Astronomy,says he. Then what are those books, prior to the Almagest, which had influenced the Indian system? The answer is "unknown sources".

Remarks Duke " Indeed, since the very earliest investigation of the Indian models by Western scholars it has been presumed that the models are somehow related to a double epicycle system, with one epicycle accounting for the zodiacal anomaly, and the other accounting for the solar anomaly (retrograde motion) This perception was no doubt reinforced by the tendency of some Indian texts to associate the manda and sighra corrections with an even older Indian tradition of some sort of forceful cords of air tugging at the planet and causing it to move along a concentric deferent . Since our goal in this paper is to investigate the nature of any connection with ancient Greek planetary models, it is only important to accept that the models appear in Indian texts that clearly pre-date any possible Islamic influences, which could, at least in principle, have introduced astronomical elements that Islamic astronomers might have derived from Greek sources. ( "The Equant in India: the Mathematical Basis of Ancient Indian Planetary Models" By Dennis Duke, Florida State University )

Computation of Geocentric Distance, Sheegra Karna

2011-07-17T00:55:00.000-07:00

In the diagram above, the geocentric distance, EQ called X here , the distance of the planet from the Earth is calculated by the equation

X^2 = EQ^2(EP+PL)^2 + QL^2

or = EN^2 + QN^2

In a trignometric correction, called Sheegra Sphashteekarana, this equation is given by Bhaskara.

where

E = Earth
P = Planet in its Orbit
Q = Planet on the Epicycle
QL = Sin
PL = Cos

We have said that Sheegra Kriya reduces the heliocentric postions to the geocentric.

According to this oscillating Epicyclic Model of Bhaskara, EP = R ( Called Thrijya ), PQ is the Sheegra Phala, QL is the Bhujaphala and PL is Kotiphala.

The Hindu algorithms for the computation of mean and true celestial longitudes seems to be totally different from the Western, from the methods adopted by Kepler, Laplace and Co. Hence the Hindu Planetary Model is original and not influenced by Greco Roman sources, as some Western scholars believe.

Sheegra Kriya for inferior planets

2011-07-15T20:27:00.000-07:00

Different equations have been given for superior planets ( Mars, Jupiter and Saturn ) and inferior planets ( Mercury and Venus ) in Astronomia Indica.

In the case of Mercury, an inferior planet in the diagram above, the center of the Sheegra Epicycle is located on the straight line running through the Sun and the observer, on the geographical parallel of the observer.

The above diagram is by courtesy of Jean-Pierre Lacroix and Robert Baywater, www.ancientcartography.net

The Sheegra Phalam, x, in the equation 1/2 Tan ( A -x ), where A is the Elongation or Sheegra Kendra, obtained is deducted from the Sun's longitude, to get the geocentric longitudes of Mercury and Venus.

Indian Astronomy Pre-Ptolemaic

2011-07-15T02:49:00.001-07:00

This diagram is by courtesy of Jean-Pierre Lacroix and Robert Baywater, www.ancientcartography.net

In the above diagram, Saturn, a superior planet, is on the circumference of the Sheegra Epicycle, where it is met by a radius drawn parallel to the direction of the Sun from the observer.

To the Western scholars, Indian Astronomy is mysterious. Let us see what astro scholars have said about IA.

Dennis Duke, of Florida State University suggests that Indian Astronomy predates Greek Astronomy

"The planetary models of ancient Indian mathematical astronomy are described in several texts.1 These texts invariably give algorithms for computing mean and true longitudes of the planets, but are completely devoid of any material that would inform us of the origin of the models. One way to approach the problem is to compare the predictions of the Indian models with the predictions from other models that do have, at least in part, a known historical background. Since the Indian models compute true longitudes by adding corrections to mean longitudes, the obvious choices for these latter models are those from the Greco-Roman world. In order to investigate if there is any connection between Greek and Indian models, we should therefore focus on the oldest Indian texts that contain fully described, and therefore securely computable, models. We shall see that the mathematical basis of the Indian models is the equant model found in the Almagest, and furthermore, that analysis of the level of development of Indian astronomy contemporary to their planetary schemes strongly suggests, but does not rigorously prove, that the planetary bisected equant model is pre-Ptolemaic" says he.

The earliest Indian Planetary Models are two sets from the writer Aryabhata, both dating from 6th Century AD.

1) The Sunrise System , after the Epoch, which is taken from the sunrise of 18th Feb 3102 ( Arya Paksha ). It appears first in Aryabhatiya

2) The Midnight System, after the Epoch, which is taken from the midnight of 17/18 FEB 3102 ( Ardha Ratri Paksha ). It appears first in Latadeva's Soorya Siddhanta

The Local Meridien is taken as Lanka, Longitude 76 degrees, Latitude 0 degrees.

Of Manda and Sheegra Epicycles

2011-07-14T05:24:00.001-07:00

This diagram is by courtesy of Jean-Pierre Lacroix and Robert Baywater, www.ancientcartography.net

In the above diagram, both the theories of Manda Kriya and Sheegra Kriya are given.

In the case of a superior planet, a deferent is drawn from an earth based observer. The Center of the Manda Epicyle rotates around the terrestrial observer, travelling around the deferent.

The peripheral end of one radius of this Manda Epicycle determines the center of another epicyle called the Sheegra Epicycle.

Vyasardha, the Radius of the Circle

2011-07-13T20:59:00.001-07:00

Aryabhata, one of the earliest mathematicians and astronomers, ( circa 476-550 CE ) postulated that Vysasardha, the Radius of the Circle is 3438 minutes and Arc is 5400 minutes.

Circumference = 2 Pi R
R = 360/2 Pi
R = 57.3 degrees
R = 57.3 * 60 = 3438 arcminutes
R = 3438 * 60 = 206265 arcseconds

Half Chord of 90 degrees = 90*60 = 5400 arcminutes.

In his astronomical treatise, the Aryabhatiya, he postulated that the Circumference of the Circle is 360*60 = 21600 minutes. All these formulae are useful for the computation of half chords of certain sets of arcs in a circle and became the base of Hindu Trignometry.

In his Sine Tablest, he called 3 degrees 45 minutes divisions by many Sanskrit names, given below.

मखि भखि फखि धखि णखि ञखि ङखि हस्झ स्ककि किष्ग श्घकि किघ्व |
घ्लकि किग्र हक्य धकि किच स्ग झश ङ्व क्ल प्त फ छ कला-अर्ध-ज्यास् ||

Aryabhata's Sine Table is not a set of values of the trignometric sine functions, but rather is a table of the first differences of the values of trignometric sines expressed in arcminutes. Because of this, this Table is referred to as the Table of Sine Differences.

Vedic Trignometry

2011-07-13T02:23:00.001-07:00

In Hindu Trignometry ( which is derived from Trikonamithi, trikona = triangle and trignon = triangle ), Jya resembles the modern Sine and Koti Jya, the cosine.

But in actuality, Jya is R Sin, that is Radius multiplied by modern sine.

By Jya, Brahmagupta meant 5 degrees of a circle. In Hindu Sine Tables and Tan Tables, the values are given for 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees etc so that the Astro Maths students need not bother about using the Indian trignometric and inverse functions. Aryabhata's sine tables are found to be accurate, when compared to modern sine tables.

In other words, one Zodiacal Constellation, which is 30 degrees is made up of 6 jyas and a total of 72 Jyas constitute the Zodiac.

Koti Jya is R Cos, that is Radius multiplied by modern cosine.

Utkram Jya is the reverse sine, defined as 1- cos x. Since the Reverse sine resembled an arrow, Brahmagupta called it Sara. And since the Arcsine resembled a bow, he called it Chapa.

Bhujajya is radius multiplied by modern sine and bhujachapa is the arcsine. Kotijya is radius multiplied by modern cosine and Kotichapa is arccos. Sparshjya is tan and sparshachapa is arctan.

Aryabhata's Sine Table was the first ever constructed sine table in the History of Maths.

This is Aryabhata's Sine Table given for different Kakshyas ( One Kakshya is 3 degrees 45 mins, one eighth of 30 degrees Zodiacal Sign )

Sl. No Angle ( A ) (in degrees, arcminutes) Value in Āryabhaṭa's numerical notation
(in Devanagari) Value in Āryabhaṭa's numerical notation (in ISO 15919 transliteration) Value in Arabic numerals Āryabhaṭa's value of jya (A) Modern value of jya (A)
(3438 × sin (A))

1 03° 45′ मखि makhi 225 225′ 224.8560
2 07° 30′ भखि bhakhi 224 449′ 448.7490
3 11° 15′ फखि phakhi 222 671′ 670.7205
4 15° 00′ धखि dhakhi 219 890′ 889.8199
5 18° 45′ णखि ṇakhi 215 1105′ 1105.1089
6 22° 30′ ञखि ñakhi 210 1315′ 1315.6656
7 26° 15′ ङखि ṅakhi 205 1520′ 1520.5885
8 30° 00′ हस्झ hasjha 199 1719′ 1719.0000
9 33° 45′ स्ककि skaki 191 1910′ 1910.0505
10 37° 30′ किष्ग kiṣga 183 2093′ 2092.9218
11 41° 15′ श्घकि śghaki 174 2267′ 2266.8309
12 45° 00′ किघ्व kighva 164 2431′ 2431.0331
13 48° 45′ घ्लकि ghlaki 154 2585′ 2584.8253
14 52° 30′ किग्र kigra 143 2728′ 2727.5488
15 56° 15′ हक्य hakya 131 2859′ 2858.5925
16 60° 00′ धकि dhaki 119 2978′ 2977.3953
17 63° 45′ किच kica 106 3084′ 3083.4485
18 67° 30′ स्ग sga 93 3177′ 3176.2978
19 71° 15′ झश jhaśa 79 3256′ 3255.5458
20 75° 00′ ङ्व ṅva 65 3321′ 3320.8530
21 78° 45′ क्ल kla 51 3372′ 3371.9398
22 82° 30′ प्त pta 37 3409′ 3408.5874
23 86° 15′ फ pha 22 3431′ 3430.6390
24 90° 00′ छ cha 7 3438′ 3438.0000

Sine Table by courtesy www.wikipedia.org

The Epicyclic Theory of Indian Astronomy

2011-07-11T21:00:00.001-07:00

All planets traverse in ellipses and epicycles and this came to be known as the Epicycles Theory.

In the above diagram, the circle A is the mean orbit of the planet. P is the mean Position of the planet and the small circle P is the epicycle.

The small epicycles traversed by a planet are calculated and the mandaphala, the equation of center is computed and added if the Manda Kendra is in between 180 and 360 and subtracted if the M K is < 180. Manda Kendra is the angle between Position and Aphelion.

From the perspective of the Epicyclic theory & the Hindu astronomers, the radius of the epicycle was given instead of PQ and the circumferences of the epicycles. Both circumferences and radii are given in degrees, minutes and seconds, so that the equation of the center may be computed in deg min and secs. The epicycle in the case of the Equation of Center is given as Manda Nicha Uccha Vritta.

Manda - Manda Phala or Equation of Center
Uccha - Apogee
Nicha - Perigee

Manda Kriya is a Jya Ganitha Kriya, a trignometric reduction of the mean longitudes and distances of the planets to their heliocentric longitudes and distances.

Kranti, the Sun's declination

2011-07-10T03:12:00.001-07:00

The declination of the Sun is computed by the formula

Sin J = Sin L Sin w

where J is the Sun's declination of that particular date and time, L is the tropical longitude of the Sun and w, the Sun's maximum declination, which is 23 degrees and 27 minutes.

The Sun's maximum declination will be reached during Karkyadi ( The First Point of Cancer ) and Makaradi ( The First Point of Capricorn ). At Karkyadi, it will be +23 d 23 m and at Makaradi, it will be -23 d 27 minutes.

And at Meshadi ( The First Point of Aries ) and Thuladi ( The First Point of Libra ), the solar declination will be zero. Days and nights will be of equal duration and hence they are called Equinoxes.

Yada Mesha Thulayo varthathe thada ahoratranam samanani bhavanthi

The Eccentric Theory of Indian Astronomy

2011-07-09T02:17:00.001-07:00

We have said in our columns that the Indian astronomers said that the planets revolve around a point different from that of the Earth and Indian Astronomy is heliocentric.

The above diagram depicts the Eccentric Theory and Reduction of the longitude of the planet to the heliocentric coordinate system ( known as Manda Kriya ).

In the above diagram

The angle NAP = Manda Kendra or Mean Anomaly

The Circle A is the mean orbit of the planet
The Circle B is the true orbit

The mean planet moves on the mean orbit, known as the deferent.

When the planet is at N in the mean orbit, he is at M in the eccentric and this is called Mandoccha ( Aphelion ).

When the planet is at R in the mean, he is at S in the eccentric.

M and S correspond to Apogee and Perigee in the case of Manda Phala correction ( otherwise known as the Equation of Center ).

When the planet is at M in the eccentric, the position of the true planet coincides with N, the mean planet and so the Manda Phala correction is Zero.The Equation of Centre at both perigee and apogee becomes zero.

When the Mean Anomaly lies between 0 and 180 degrees, the Equation of Center is negative and this is known in Vedic Astronomy as Meshadi Rinam, Rinam meaning minus. And when it is between 180 and 360, it is additive and it is known in Indian Astronomy as Thuladi Dhanam, dhanam meaning additive.

Anomaly has been defined in Western Astronomy as the angle between position and perihelion. Manda Kendra here is the angle between Position and Aphelion, aphelion being mandoccha. The term manda explains that planets move slower at Aphelion !

Chara, the Ascensional Difference

2011-07-08T00:18:00.001-07:00

In Indian Astronomy, Chara is the Ascensional Difference and is the difference between Right Ascension and Oblique Ascension.

And is calculated by the equation

Sin ( Chara ) = tan ( decl ) tan ( latitude ).

Here Theta is Chara.

Sin C is called Chara Jya

Right Ascension means the longitudes measured along the Celestial Equator, the Vishu vat Vritta.

Oblique Ascension means the longitudes measured along the Ecliptic, the Kranti Vritta.

Chara is used in the computation of Sunrise and Sunset.

The formula for Sunrise = 6 H + Equation of Time - Chara - Refraction Correction

The formula for Sunset = 18 H + Equation of Time + Chara + Refraction Correction.

Reduction to Geocentric Coordinates

2011-07-06T00:37:00.001-07:00

In the above diagram,

m is the Sheegra Anomaly
and the angle EJS is the Sheegra Phalam

where E = Earth, S = Sun and J = Jupiter

In order to get the geocentric longitude, the longitude of the Sun is deducted from the Ecliptic longitude and then we get the Sheegra Kendra, the angle between the planet and the Earth Sun plane.

Ecliptic longitude - Long Sun = Sheegra Kendra

Arka Sphutnoniham Kheda Manda Sphutamihodhitham

Sheegra Phalam is the angle EJS ( Earth, Jupiter, Sun ) and this Sheegra Phalam is deducted to get the true, geocentric longitude. ( Added if Sheegra Anomaly > 180 and deducted if Sheegra Anomaly < 180 ).

Like Kepler, the Indian astronomers may not have said that all planets move fastest at perihelion but this principle was known to them as they called perihelion Sheegrochha. Sheegra in Sanskrit means fast. Similarly they called Aphelion Mandochcha, manda meaning slow, and it implies that all planets move slowly at Aphelion !

Sheegra Kriya, reduction to geocentric longitude

2011-07-05T07:35:00.000-07:00

The Vedic astronomers never said like Kepler that planets traverse in elliptical orbits. But then they talked about Eccentric and Epicyclic theories. They said for the luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, reduction to the geocentric (Sheegra Kriya ) coordinate system was not necessary. But for the Tara Grahas, like Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn, both the jya samskaras ( trignometric corrections ) are necessary.

The Vedic astronomical texts say that the planets go in an epicycle, whose center moves along the mean circular orbit from west to east. This theory came to be known as the Epicyclic Theory. There is another theory called the Eccentric Theory, which states that a planet goes in a circle whose center is not the Earth, but a different point other than the Earth.

Bhaskara says " The Center of the Celestial Sphere coincides with the center of the Earth. The circle in which a planet goes does not have its center coinciding with the Center of the Earth". Hence the Vedic astronomers like Bhaskara, Brahmagupta and Aryabhata, prescribed bhujaphalam ( otherwise called Equation of Center for mandaphala, whereas in the case of the five Tara Grahas, this bhujaphala, despite connoting Equation of Center or mandaphala, also stands for corrections required to reduce their longitudes from the Heliocentric Coordinate System to the Geocentric Coordinate System ).

The positive regions of the Zodiac

2011-06-26T20:42:00.001-07:00

If a planet falls in creative stars or Shrishti taras, such a planet is said to be benefic.

If a planet is placed in angular or trinal houses, he is said to be benefic.

If planet is in uptide, he is benefic.

If a planet is aspected by benefics, he is said to be a benefic.

We have to see how many positive and negative points a planet gets, before embarking on prognostication.

Pranamsa Dehamsa shrishti tara
Piyoosha nadya shubha dhrishti yogau
Jalardra Oordhonyapi kopi yasya
Kendra thrigonopagathath thvam ishtam

Negative or Anishta Planets

2011-06-25T21:06:00.000-07:00

Malefic satellites like Dhooma and Mrityu rising, the lords of 6,8 and 12, malefic planets, malefic aspects, tenancy of 6,8,12 houses, hind signs, functional malefics- all these are negative or Anishtaphalada planets.

Dhoomadi Rimphari Mriteesa Papai
Yogekshana Rimpha ripu sthitatvam
Prushtodaya Adhomukha Papabhamsa
Sarvatra Thoyakshayamithyanishta

The periods of such planets are Anishta Phalada, meaning that they bring chaos in their periods of directional influence. Downtide is negative and uptide is positive. Malefic satellites like Kala, Ardhaprahara, Gulika, Mrityu and Dhooma rising are considered inauspicious. Aspects of malefics are also considered baneful.

In Astrology Vedic each planet has a satellite of its own.
For instance Phobos and Deimos of Mars are called as Dhooma &
Mrityu in Indian science. The longitudes of satellites of Venus
Moon Mars Rahu & Ketu are calculated based on the sidereal
longitude of the Sun.

PLANET SATELLITE METHOD OF COMPUTATION
_______________________________________

Mars Dhooma Sun's longitude + 133 deg 20 mins
Rahu Vyatipata 360- Dhooma's longitude
Moon Parivesh 180 + Vyatipata's longitude
Venus Indrachapa 360 - Parivesh's longitude
Ketu Upaketu Indrachapa + 16 deg 40 mins

A different method of calculation is adopted for the satellites
of Sun Jupiter Saturn Mercury & Mars. Days and nights are divi-
ded into 8 divisions.

The first division is ruled by the lord of the day & other divi-
sions are given to the other lords in sequential order. During
night the first lord is the fifth lord from the lord of the day.

In order to measure the longitudes of satellites two different
methods have been adopted.In the first method the beginning time
of the planet who holds absolute sway is taken. In the other
method the end time is taken.The Lagna is computed for this time
and this is how the longitude of the satellite is computed.

The Negative Regions of the Zodiac

2011-06-23T22:30:00.001-07:00

When a planet's longitude falls in the Negative Regions of the Zodiac, such a planet's Period or Dasa is said to be negative ( Anishtaphalada ).

Samhara taro durithamsakascha
Gandantham Ushnam Visha Nadika cha
Vishtischa riktha karanam sthirakhyam
Ekargalam Vaidhrutha sarpa seeshe

If a planet falls in a constellation which is destructive, that planet is said to be negative.

What is a destruction star ? The 27 constellations are classified into three groups

Srishti ( Creative )
Sthithi ( Preservative )
Samhara ( Destructive ).

For instance, Aswini, is Creative ( Shristi ), Bharani is Sthithi ( Preservative ) and Karthika is Samhara ( Destructive ).

Ashwinyadyath kramath sarve srishti sthithi layasmritha
Tatra tarasu sarvasu madhyasthau durithamsakau

The Seven Names of Planets

2011-06-22T03:51:00.000-07:00

A planet is said to be very strong when exalted. But mere exaltation is not enough.If a planet is exalted and has directional strength ( Dig Bala ), then it is said to be Sampoorna If a planet is exalted without any other strengths, it is said to be Poorna. If a planet is exalted, but is weak in the Sixfold Strength, it is said to be Riktha ( Weak )

Exalted with strength directional is Sampoorna called
Devoid of other strengths, it is Poorna !
If he be weak in the Sixfold
Such a planet is Riktha called !
If he be debilitated in Amsa
Or in inimical houses in Amsa
Such a planet is called Anishta ( bad )

Samyak balina swa thunga bhage
Sampoorna Balavarjithasya Riktha
Jneyamsa Gathasya Shatru bhage
Jneya Anishta Phala Dasa Prasoothou

Fall from Exaltation strenght is called Descending ( Avarohi )
If he be in friendly or exaltation in Amsa, he is called Madhya !
Rise from Debilitation is Arohinee ( Ascending Planet )
In inimical houses or debilitation, he is Adhama ( Evil ).

Bhrishtasya Thungath Avarohi samjnya
Madhya bhaveth sa suhrud ucchabhamse
Arohinee nimna parichuyutasya
Neecharibhageth Adhama bhaveth sa !

The Jupiterian Law or Brihaspathi Neethi

2011-06-18T22:41:00.001-07:00

Suppose your son goes against you. Will you throw him out of the house ?

This is where Jupiterian Law or Brihaspathi Neethi or Jesusian Law comes into operation.

Love is giving and forgiving
Self is getting and forgetting !

Conquer by Love ! This is the message handed out to us by the millenial philosophers, millenial poets and millenial prophets !

Love is a Glory from Eternity's spheres
He is still the Godhead that can make all change

Love should never cease to be upon the Earth
Love is the bright link betwixt Earth and Heaven
Love is the far Transcendent's angel here
Love is man's lien on the Absolute !

Sai and Jesus say " Love your enemies, bless them that curse you and bless them that persecute you" !

Let us be arrayed from head to foot with their commandments. ' Conquer everything with Patience and Love" is their eternal message !

Byron said " Take away Love and the whole world becomes a tomb "

Jupiter is the preceptor of the celestials and represents the divine arts and sciences. The scientia intuitiva or intuive sciences are a great preparation for Eternal Liberation. Without the discriminative intellect or prajna imparted by him, no one can hope for Self Actualisation. He represents the Sreyo Marga ( the way of Being and of Bliss ) and Venus represents the Preyo Marga ( the way of Mammon and the flesh ). Both paths are followed by mankind !

Goethe echoed the same when he averred

Now lead me where some heavenly silence glasses
The purer joys around the Poet throng
Where Love and Friendship divinely fashion
The bonds that bless, the wreaths that crown his passion !

Yoga Sastra, Nyaya Sastra, Neethi Sastra, Vedanta Sastra, Jyothis Sastra and all such sciences are ruled by Jupiter or Brihaspathi. Sasanath Thrayathe ithi Sastram - meaning that Redeeming instructions are called Sastras ( like fatherly advice to a son ). Hence Jupiter or Brihaspathi is the greatest benefic, from the perspective of Self Actualisation. He represents Grace Divine, without which no Self Realisatoin is possible.

Love is a manna sent from Heaven, a spark of the Immortal Fire, sent by the Lord to elevate our low desire ! Let Almighty Love triumph on earth !

From the Center where the Heart of God is known
Let Love stream forth into the hearts of men
Let Love triumph on Earth !

Let us Love All, Serve All, Help Ever, Hate None and Hurt Never, thereby fulfilling the Jupiterian Law !

The Venusian Law ( Shukra Neeti )

2011-06-17T21:22:00.000-07:00

The Mosaic Law of Western Thought is known as Shukra Neethi ( Venusian Law ) in Indian Philosophy. The Jesusian Law corresponds to Brihaspathi Neethi, that is rising to a higher plane which returns good for evil !

Even though it is taught that lying is Sin and should be avoided, Shukra Neethi or the Venusian Law states that one can lie for virtue !

Kaliyil prana rakshakkum
Go brahmana hithathinum
Kanya Vitha rakshakkum
Poli Nindithamalledo !

In business, one cannot be trufhful all the time. There is a saying, Truth is ruinous, hence suppressio veriti, suggestio falsi ! In order to make profits, the biz man is given the licence to lie !

Milton said that Mammon was the first teacher of Man

By him first
Men also

The God and Mammon of Western Thought have their equivalents in

Brihaspathi or Jupiter - the Guru of the celestials and representer of the twelve positive sciences of the Vedas

Shukra or Venus - the Guru of the demons and representer of all modern sciences

Milton's " It is better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven " is Venusian or Shukra Neeti and is widely followed by politicians, mafia chiefs, the priesthood and the captialists !

In Mythology Indian, Venus or Sage Shukra was born to Bhrighu and Usana. He was born on the day of Freya or Venus, Friday. He was born in the constellation of Swathi. Freya is Venus in Norse Mythology and Freya's day became Friday. Shukravar is Friday and is named after Shukra. Shukra was sent to learn the Vedas from Angiras, who was partial to his son, Brihaspathi. However, Shukra learnt the Vedas from Gauthama. He later performed penance to Lord Shiva and obtained the Sanjeevani Mantra, a mantra which can resurrect the dead.

When Jupiter or Brihaspathi became the Guru of the celestials, Shukra competed and became the Guru of the demons ! He exhorted the demons to win the war against the celestials !

When King Bali was tested by Lord Vishnu in the form of the dwarf Vamana, Shukra immediately knew of the deceipt and warned King Bali. He sat in the spout of a vase, which was spotted by Lord Vishnu. Vishnu picked a straw from the ground and directed it on the spout, with the result Shukra became half blind !

Shukra corresponds to Machiavelli. Machiavelli opined that to be feared is better than to be loved. ( "Love is preserved by the link of obligation which men in their baseness break off at every opportunity for their own advantage, whereas fear preserves you with the dread of punishment which never fails " ). Machiavelli opined that men are base and ugly. ( " This has to be asserted in general for men, that they are cowardly, covetous, ungrateful, fickeminded and false and as long as you succeed, they are yours entirely"). Armed prophets had succeeded, whereas the unarmed had failed !

The Jesus and Machiavelli of Western thought, both dialectical opposites, correspond to Brihaspathi and Shukra of Indian thought !

Shukra in Sanskrit means brightness, clearness, purity. These mythological figures are planets and Vedic Symbolism was used by the Rishies. Astrologically, he represents the mundane arts and the mundane sciences, whereas Jupiter or Brihaspati represents the divine sciences and the divine arts.

The Times of the Sun ( Njattuvelas )

2011-06-15T20:46:00.001-07:00

The Malayalam Agri Calender has it that the Sun transits the 27 constellations of the Ecliptic and these came to be known as the Njattuvelas. The word Njattuvela is derived from Njayar meaning the Sun and Velas meaning the Times. In short Njattuvela means the Times of the Sun, as it passes through the 27 constellations of the Sidereal Zodiac.

Now the Sun is transiting Mrigasira or Makiryam Njattuvela is on. It is raining incessantly in Kerala. Makiryam mathi ariyathe peyyum meaning that rains will be galore during Mrigasira Njattuvela. On June 22nd, the famous Thiruvathira Njattuvela will be on and Kerala will be graced by bursts of rain with sunny interludes.

Monsoon Tourism is on the upswing in the state. People from Arab lands and tropical countries find Kerala a haven. Westerners find it as a gorgeous Paradise, because of the immense greenery which adorn the state.

More rains are expected during the solar transits of Punarvasu and Pushya. These four Njattuvelas are fierce and destructive. Many have lost their homes in the villages, many paddy fields have been inundated, as the Rains of Life and Death simultaneously bring relief from the blistering heat and at the same time wreack havoc on the poor infrastructure of the state.

The Lunar Eclipse on June 15th

2011-06-10T22:20:00.001-07:00

Jup	Sun Ven Mar Ket	Mer
RASI
RASI
MooRah		Sat

When the Sun, the Moon and the Earth are in alignment, then it is called a Lunar Eclipse. Mark the positions of the Sun and the Moon and the Nodes, Rahu and Ketu in exact opposition in the above chart. The light from the Sun is blocked by the Earth, which otherwise would have illuminated Luna. This is the astronomical perspective. From the astrological perspective, the Moon enters the Zodiac belt of Rahu, and the Head of the Snake devours it in toto ! The Moon in Scorpio is debilitated and this eclipse occurs in the asterism, Jyeshta on the night of Wed, the 15th.

Lunar eclipses are not good generally. It occurs in a mercurial constellation, Jyeshta. Mercury controls the nervous system of Man. the intelligence and the computing capacity of the mind. In astrological terms, this is a direct attack on man's hard disk ! So beware of the eclipse on June 15th night !

Negative thinking may go up as a result, as Mercury is like the processor and Rahu funtions like a virus. The Sastras declare that the effects of eclipses last for three months. Even auspicious times are effected by this eclipse ! Creativity, negotiations, manifestations and metabolism are all affected by eclipses. Obstacles on the path, digestive tract disorders and negative thinking rise. Aries Moon Signs should be very careful, as this is their Chandrashtama.

Advice to all

Avoid non veg food
Dont argue with mother
Avoid sex
Have supper before 0700 PM
Meditate during eclipse time
Wear Pearl, Emerald, Jade or Moonstone

Chant the Gayatri Mantra

The Gayatri Mantra

Om Bhoo Bhuvah Swah Tat Savithur Varenyam Bhargo Devasya Dheemahi
Dhiyo you na prachodayath

May the Absolute Self, whose external symbol the Sun is, enlighten me intellectually !

You can do Tharpanam to ancestors, as they find it convenient to visit the earth plane
during these times and the gateway to Heaven is Sol and Luna !

This is one of the longest lunar eclipses and will be from 1252 AM to 02.32 AM in Kolkotta on 16th morning. This celestial event, which is the first lunar eclipse this year, will be best visible almost near the Zenith. The eclipse will end at 0352 AM on Thursday.

It will be visible from the eastern half of Africa, the Middle East, Western Australia and Central Asia, apart from India.

The early stages of the eclipse will be missed by European astronomers, as it will occur before Moonrise.

The next lunar eclipse will be on Dec 10th and will be visible throughout India. But it will last only 25 minutes !

Translation of Hora verses

2011-06-10T00:04:00.001-07:00

Here we give the translated verses of Hora by Varaha. There are 384 verses in all,which can equip the astro scholar to deal with Natal, Horary, Synastry and Electional Astrology.

Here we give the effects of Sun in different signs of the Sidereal Zodiac

If Sun be in the First
Other than Libra, Cancer, Leo, Aries
Lover of battle he becomes
A great despiser of men
With problems relating to eyes
And merciless too

If Sun be in Aries
His sign of exaltation
Wealthy the native becomes
With problem pertaining to eyes

If he be in Leo
Blind at night !
If Sol be in Cancer
Eye problem manifests
If in Libra
Blinded he becomes

Sol in these Signs four
Will not show good qualities

If Sol be in House Second
Wealthy the native becomes
Will be robbed by Government
And will be afflicted in face !

The Remarriage Yoga

2011-06-09T03:59:00.000-07:00

If fiery planets tenant the House of Marriage, separation is indicated.If they are conjoined by benefics, then Remarriage Yoga is caused.Agneyer vidhava astha rasi sahitair mishrai punarbhoor bhaveth

If Hora says so, Anushtana Paddhati also seconds such an opinion. Pape Kalatra bhavane tu kalatra nasa A malefic in the Seventh, in the House of Marriage, destroys the House of Marriage !

By fiery planets are meant Sun, Ketu and Mars. But there are some scholars who opine that fiery planets mean malefics. They can include Rahu and Saturn.

Yesterday I analysed a horoscope, a Remarriage Yoga one. The Nodal Axis afflict the 1/7 Houses, and there are benefics in the Seventh House ( mishrai punarbhoor bhaveth ). Divorce had happened and the native is thinking of another marriage !

If the Seventh is afflicted by malefics, but however aspected by benefic planets, the husband will not die, but will move to another woman !

Kroore heena bale asthage swa pathina soumyakshithe proth jida

Astro Meterology is right!

2011-05-30T21:03:00.000-07:00

Astro Meteorology's prediction that Kala Varsha will start on May 29th was proved right, as rains lashed Kerala on that date. Meteorology had predicted that SW Monsoon or Edava Pathi will start on May 31st and ancient Astro Meteorology proved to be more accurate than modern Meteorology.

Two major factors will inlfuence the stock markets - the monsoon and the global community prices.

Markets had recovered sharply during the latter part of the weekend, showing promise for the bulls. But then the factors mentioned above will influence the bourses considerably.

Everbody knows that the Earth's journey through the Ecliptic produces the seasons and the South West Monsoon started on May 29th, when the Sun entered the 15th degree of Taurus. Kala Varsha, as it is known, hit the southern end of Kerala on this day and it is now raining in Kerala. Rains are expected to accelerate when the Sun transits Lambda Orionis ( Mrigasira ) and Alpha Orionis ( Aridra ). Also the constellations of Pushya and Punarvasu.

An average monsoon is expected and GDP is expected to grow at 8%. The prices of crude, gold etc are a matter of concern. ( And we find that when the stock markets go down, the rupee rate for the dollar goes up. It was 52 against the dollar when the Sensex languished at 7000 levels. It was 39 when the Sensex was at its peak at 21.2 K ).

Renewed speculative activity was seen on the bourses and a heightened activity in small and midcap scrips is probable. Institutional activity seems to be unpredictable, as FIIs buy and sell at random.

Wary investores are disappointed at the uncertainty prevailing in the markets. Recent economic data does not trigger optimism. Industry observers expect the government to kickstart the reform process in the Monsoon session of Parliament to boost the economy. The negative factors are the European debt crisis and double digit inflation, which can have adverse effect on the economy.

The progress of the monsoons will influence the markets greatly, as India is an agrarian economy.

The presence of Jupiter in the adverse 10th in India's horoscope shows problems. Jove in the House of Profession indicates that India will be upgrading her infrastructure and marketing during this phase of 361 days, which is a Jovian year (Barhaspatya) . At the same time, India will be spending a lot on infra and marketing. As the nation improves, there will be problems of rising debt, rising inflation and rising deficit. However Saturn in the House of Help is good and it will boost certain segments. So a mixed time is predicted for India and the Indian stock markets.

Knowning the Enemy via Horary Astrology

2011-05-27T03:41:00.001-07:00

Horary Astrology deals with Hora
Hour when question is asked
Time of Query becomes time of birth
Of the Query !

Enemy trouble is discerned
From Sixth, House of Enemies.

Enemy's form can be known from Sixth
Uncle or friend is indicated by Mercury
Intelligence, son, wealth mighty Jupiter
Women are represented by fair Venus

Low minded is the satellite Gulika
Vicious people are ruled by Saturn
Cleverly dressed is demon Rahu
Saturn shows the vicious & the dark.

Sathru swaroopam ripugena vachyam
Tatra sthithascha thapano gururva
Lavanya bhooshadhibhir Atha Shobha
Pathangaja schedri purescha pangu

Medical Astrology Verses II

2011-05-25T02:30:00.001-07:00

With great body and looks
The Sun rules Bile
Luna rules Wind and Phlegm
And is equal eyed

Madhu pingala drik
Chathurasra Thanu
Pitha prakriti savithatpakacha
Thanu vritta thanu bahu vata kapha
Prajnascha sasi sama dukh sama bhak

With looks cruel and with body young
With hair long, Mars rules Bile
Mercury is humourous
And represents the humors three !

Kroora drik tharuna moorthir udara
Paithika su chapala krisa madhya
Slishta vak sathatha hasaruchi jna
Pitha marutha kapha prakritischa

With massive body and great looks
With intellect noble, Jove rules Phlegm
Venus is hedonist and with lovely body
And rules Phlegm and Bile.

Brihat Thanu pingala moordhajekshana
Brihaspathi Sreshta mathi kaphatmaka
Bhrigu sukhee kanti vapu sulochana
Kapha nilatma sitha varka moorkaja

Lazy is Saturn and with hairs long
He represents humours Bile & Wind
The Seven Revolving Heavens
Represent the Tissue Elements Seven
Tendons are signified by Saturn
Bones by Sol
Blood is ruled by Luna
Skin is Mercury's portfolio
Fat by high Jove
Semen is the poet Venus
And Mars, Bone Marrow !

Mandalasa kapila drik krisa deergha gatra
Sthooladwija parushaloma kachanilatma
Snay vasthi sruk thvak aja sukla vase cha majja
Manda arka chandra budha sukra suredya bhauma

Sun's transit of the Pleaides produces rains in Kerala

2011-05-23T21:07:00.003-07:00

Rains lashed Trichur at around 0500 AM initiating the rainy Njattuvelas. It normally starts to rain from Karthika Njattuvela onwards and then fierce rains are expected from May 29th onwards when the Sun transits Rohini, Mrigasira, Punarvasu and Pushya.

The heavens are murky now, at about 0900 AM and there is no sign of the Sun. But then rains will accelerate and reach their crescendo during Mrigasira, Aridra, Punarvasu and Pushya Njattuvelas.

The South West Monsoon normally hits the Andamans on May 20th, Bombay on June 10th and Kolkotta on June 8th. This time SW Monsoon seems to be delayed in the Andamans but we expect normal rains this season.

Kerala receives 2500 mm rains every year and about 1500 mm during Kala Varsha or the South West Monsoon. 600 mm during the North East or Thula Varsha and about 400 mm rains during summer grace Kerala, making Kerala a green Paradise !

All have welcomed these rains as it is a big relief from the blistering heat. Yesterday temperature was around 38 degrees and many working under the Sun were cursing the horrific heat. Kerala is situated at about 12 degrees North of the Equator and is known as the Torrid or the Tropical Zone. The climate is never cold. And rains neutrallise the torrid heat of this tropical zone. The entire Malabar coast of 825 kms is graced by the three Monsoons, SW, NE and summer monsoon !

The cold winds from the Indian Ocean should have gone to Madras, but because of the Coriolis Force of the earth, it is deflected onto the Malabar coast. Madras on the other hand do not get the SW Monsoon and has to contend with the North East Monsoon. She receives around 1000 mm of rains from the North East Monsoon, which starts when the Sun enters the First Point of Sidereal Libra ( Thula Varsha ). Unfortunately Madras does not get the benefit of the South West Monsoon !

Medical Astrology Verses

2011-05-23T05:34:00.001-07:00

The Sun represents Wind and Bile
Wind and Phlegm is signified by Moon
Mars signifies Phlegm
And Mercury all three
Wind and Phlegm is ruled by Jove
Venus is both Phlegm and Bile
Saturn rules Bile and Wind
Wind and Phlegm is Luna !

Vatam pitha yutham karothi dinakrith
Vatam Kapham sheethagu
Pittam bhoomisutha thadha sasisutha
Vatam cha pittam kapham
Jeevau Vata Kaphau Sithanila Kaphau
Vatam cha pitham shanee
Poornenu sthithi rasi natha kadhitham
Poornam Kapham Thoyabhe.

The Correspondence between the Five Planets and the Elemental Five

2011-05-21T22:23:00.003-07:00

Mercury represents the Earth Principle
Watery Principle is ruled by Venus
The Element Fire is signified by Mars
The Airy Principle is Saturn
And Jupiter signifies the Principle Ether
All the Elemental Five
Correspond to the major planets Five thus

Asthi thvak pisicham cha roma cha sira bhoo
Tad sukla vat swado moothra himambu
Thril sudapi nidralasyabhasam anala
Vayu samplavana prasarana na kunjanam na dhavanam
Raga dwesha bhayatrapadhi kadhitham
Moham cha nrinam nabha

Jupiter's Transit of Aries will bring average rains !

2011-05-19T03:52:00.001-07:00

Average Monsoons are expected this year, as Jupiter traverses the hot Aries. ( Around 2200 mm of rains expected in Kerala ).

According to Astro Meteorology, the Kala Varsha or the South West Monsoon will start from May 29th and Meteorology predicts that it will start on May 31st.

The Arabian Sea Branch of the South West Monsoon or Edava Pathi will start early and the Bay of Bengal Branch of the S W Monsoon will reach Calcultta by the 8th of June. Normally SW Monsoon reaches Bombay by 10th of June.

This time there will be average monsoon on the 825 km Malabar Coast, along coastal Maharashtra, coastal Goa, coastal Karnataka and coastal Kerala. This belt receives the maximum rains and eve in the summer there are rains in Kerala, which looks always greenish !

Kala Varsha is caused by the cold winds from the Indian Ocean, which rush in to neutrallise the hot air of the Thar Desert and North India. Now Thar and N I is very hot and in Rajastan and Surat the heat is extreme. We are situated on the North of the Equator and ours is a Torrid Zone or a Tropical Zone. Hence rains come as a relief from the fierce heat and people normally ignore the devastation it brings !

India is an agrarian economy and the effects of the Monsoon on Indian economy is great. We expect that the GDP growth will hover around 8%, with an average monsoon. Last monsoon was great and we got a 8.9% growth.

The 25 Principles of Sankhya

2011-05-11T20:07:00.000-07:00

Prakrit Mahat Ahamkara Tanmatra Bhotaan
Api Hridapi Dasakhi Poorusha Pancha Vimsa

Nature
Universal Mind
Ego
The Five Subtle Essences
The Five Great Elements
Heart
The Five Sense Organs
The Five Knowledge Organs

These are the 24 principles of Sankhya. And Purusha, the Absolute Self, is the 25th !

Sanniveso Maya Proktho Ya Kala Pancha Vimsaka

Time is the All devouring Power
Of the Absolute; the foolish Ego
Who is said to be the Experiencer
Is afraid of Time Almighty !

Prabhavan Pourusham Prahoo
Kalameke yatho bhayam
Ahankara Vimoodatma
Karthu prakriti peeyusha

Outside as the all consuming Time
Within as the individual Self
He moves all beings with his Magic
And is the Lord Supreme of the Universe !

Antha Purusha Roopena
Kala Roopena yo Bahi
Samanvethveva sathwanam
Bhagavan Athma Mayaya

The Knower of these 25 princilples is freed from Bondage !

Ithi vividha vibhago muchyathe sow prakritya
Kapila thanu rithithvam Deva hootyanyagadi

So Thou revealed to Thy mother, Devahoothi, in Thy incarnation as Kapila !

Sai was 96 as per Stellar Indian Calender !

2011-04-25T20:49:00.001-07:00

The Roman Calender used the solar years of 365.25 days.

In the Indian Calender, many years exist. We have the

Solar Year - of 365.25 days ( Sam Vatsaram )
Lunar Year - 29*12 days ( Indha Vatsaram )
Stellar Year - 27*12 days ( Nakshatra Vatsaram )

Anu vatsaram pari vatsaram indha vatsaram eva cha
Samvatsarm vatsarascha vaidhooryeva prabhashathe

Since the Ecliptic or the Zodiac is tenanted by 12 Signs of 30 degrees and 27 constellations or Nakshatras, one stellar or sidereal ( " pertaining to the stars ") month is 27 days and one Stellar Year is 12*27 = 324 days.This stellar month stem from Beta Arieties ( Aswinit ) to Zeta Piscium ( Revathi ) and is of 27 days.

Hence if we calculate Sai's age, he was 96 when he left his body. He had lived 30, 834 days, from his birthdate from 23 Nov 1926 to 24042011. We get 95 years and 54 days and Sai was in his 96th year.

In Indian Astrology, there are many who calculate planetary periods using solar ( 365.25 days) , lunar ( 354 days ) or stellar years ( 324 days). There are also some astrologers who calculate 360 days as an year, since the Zodiac is 360 degrees !

The Western Tropical Calender is not exact and the Gregorian Calender came into being as a modification of the Julian Calender. Gregory decreed on Oct 4 th that the next days is Oct 14th. So the Western Tropical Calender needs modifications from time to time, as the Tropical Zodiac is ever moving, in contrast to the Indian Sidereal Zodiac, which is static and immobile. The Roman Calender was imposed on India by the British !

Sai exits gloriously

2011-04-25T07:16:00.001-07:00

Sai left earth at 0740 AM, Sunday, Uthrashada, Sapthami Thidhi. At that time Taurus was rising, Taurus was his Eighth House, He being born in Libra.

May His soul rest in peace.

Patham Udayam or the 10th Rising of the Sun is very auspicious, as the Sun is in deep exaltation ! He was indeed a Maha Purusha !

He was born with Libra rising, like Bhagavan Ramana Maharishi, with Mars in Aries, forming Rucha Maha Yoga. Jupiter is debilitated in Capricorn, but Retrograde, equalling exaltation. He was an embodiment of Love, Compassion and Service.

The Heavens favour the Little Master !

2011-04-22T00:47:00.001-07:00

JupSunMarMerMoo		Ket
Ven	RASI
	RASI
Rah LA		Sat

Jupiter will move over to Aries on May 8th, and in Sachin's horoscope, he will move to the favourable 5th. ( LA means the Lunar Ascendant or the Moon Sign, as Sachin's birth star is Poorvashada or Pooradam ).

Now Sachin has added more trophies. A century in IPL , in T20 and being a member of the WC winning team !

Now he is eyeing another laurel, the IPL Trophy. Can MI, the no 1 favourites, pull it off ?

He has an average of 236 ! He was only out once, for 35 in the last match. His other scores are 46 no, 55 no, and 100 no !

The Heavens favour Sachin and may he go on creating records !

Jupiter's Transits represent Vicissitudes !

2011-04-22T00:37:00.000-07:00

Vicissitudes or changes in fortunes are part of Life.

Life is cyclical and we find that fortunes fluctuate.

In Astrology, this is symbolised by the Transits of Jupiter.

In the First House, he brings problems galore ( nana dukham)

In the Second, he brings prosperity ( vitha samriddhi)

In the Third, he brings loss ( thritheeye brahmatho sira )

In the Fourth, he brings loss of kingdom ( chathurthe pandava bhrishta )

In the Fifth, he brings wealth ( putra dhanaptim )

In the Sixth, he brings problems from the jealous. ( ripu badham )

In the Seventh, he gives enjoyments ( bhogan )

In the Eighth, he gives health hazards ( rogan )

In the Ninth, he brings fortune ( dhanaptim)

In the Tenth, he brings loss of position and wandering about ( dasame darika vadham )

In the Eleventh, he brings gain

In the Twelth, he brings loss ( Dwadase ravano hanti ).

Whatever he has taken away when in the 12th and the 1st, he redeems and restores when he is in the 2nd. Similarly whatever he has taken away when in the 8th, is restored when he is in the 9th.

So He is a redeemer and His transits are actually a blessing to mankind.

India's Hour of Transfiguration !

2011-04-05T07:47:00.001-07:00

As we said in our columns before, 1030 PM on 02042011, proved to be India's
transfiguring hour !

Some idol worshipping Indians have not acknowledged the role played by
Gambhir. He came in when Sehwag was out second ball and when he got out, the
score was 223/4 and the dew had set in !

"The 97 in the World Cup final was not the best innings in my career but no
doubt the most important one so far," the 29 year old Gambhir told reporters
after reaching Delhi

"It was a special knock for me as it came in a special situation. The whole
country was expecting us to win the World Cup and I have contributed my bit
in India's triumph. So, it was the most important innings of my career."

His Delhi team mate Kohli supported him in a vital 83 run stand for the
third wicket.

"Obviously, a century in the final would have been the icing on the cake.
But winning was more important for the country. If you had hit a century but
your team lost there was no point," said the dashing left hander.

Normally he opens, but when he came in at No 3, India were 0/1, and his
experience as an opener served him well, particularly against the fast
slinging deliveries of Slinga Malinga !

"On the other hand, if you missed a century but helped your team win the
World Cup, that I will take."

One billion people were worried that the Little Master may score a century
and India may lose. One billion minds were worried that Indian batting may
collapse. But when Gambhir and Dhoni took over the responsibility of
steering India to victory, gone were the worries from the minds of the one
billion. One billion felt like World Champions from then on.

Jup Sun MarMer Moo Ket
Ven RASI LA

Rah
Sat

The map of the Heavens at 0230 PM, 02042011, Mumbai.

LA means Lunar Ascendant ( Here Cancer Moon )

On April 1, Moon was the only planet adverse for India. On Apr 2, Moon moved
over to India's House of Fortune and all planets became beneficial.

It was as if the heavens stood ranged to say
"Be Thou The World Champions" !

Saturn in the benign Thirld represented the Crown

Jupiter, Mercury, Moon, Sun, Mars in the Ninth represented Divine Grace

Venus in the Eighth represented Wealth

And the Nodes in the 6/12 represented Conquest

Jupiter in the House of Fortune makes India lift the Cup !

2011-04-02T22:46:00.003-07:00

Sanga's 12th Jupiter deprived him of the World Cup. We knew that the twelfth transit of Jupiter is negative ( Dwadase Ravano Hanthi ).

Sanga was born with Aries Moon and his Saturn is favourable in the 6th. Because of a favourable Saturn, he could amass more than 400 runs. He was on his way to another hundred, when Bajji bowled him around his legs !

SL put in a great performance in scoring 274, which is considered good on the Mumbai track. But then he later confessed that anything less than 350 is not safe with India !

When we surveyed SL's horoscope, their indications were powerful. SL was running the second Elarata Saturn, known as Pongum Shani and Jupiter is in the favourable seventh. She is running Jupiter minor in Jupiter major and Jupiter is well posited in Sagittarius in his own house. So SL has a powerful chart and matched with India's.

So the clue was the 12th negative transit of Sanga. We knew that it is impossible to lift the WC, with the 12th Jupiterian transit.

Jup SunMarMerMoo		Ket
Ven	RASI
	RASI
Rah		Sat

We wrote about the formidable five planetary configuration in Pisces. This is for all nations. In India's horoscope, it was in the benign 9th, the House of Fortune and in SL's, it was in the favourable 7th. But when reckoned from the Ascendant, it was in the 11th or the favourable House of Gains in India's horoscope and in the adverse 8th in the SL's. Again India scored in points.

Another factor was the Varabala. Saturday is ruled by Saturn and Saturn is more powerful in India's chart than in SL's.

Another factor was the Tarabala. Utharabhadra or Uthrattathi was ruling Sat evening and is ruled also by Saturn.

Hence, comparing both horoscopes, it was clear that India had the edge and hence we were confident of the Indian victory !

It was Jupiter, in the House of Fortune, which brought home the bacon for India. Saturn in the benign Third is the Wearer of the Crown ( moonnil shani mudi vechu vazhum ).

When we analysed the horoscopes of the cricket playing nations, only two nations had Jupiter and Saturn favourable - Sri Lanka and India. The bookies, without the knowledge of the heavens, had correctly given 4/1 and 3/1 odds to them respectively.

So then it was a comparative study of the horoscopes of both nations and India scored in astro points !

The Tenth negative Jovian transit did Pak in. The Twelth J transit did Aus in. While SL's luck was on the cards, the horoscope of her skipper, Sanga had a negative 12th Jovian transit and this did him in.

On the other hand, the Indian skipper's horoscope has a favourable Jupiterian ( Jove's favourable seventh transit ) and Saturnine ( second Elarata Saturn ) transit. He has Jupiter in the Ascendant or Lagna, which bestowed Divine Grace and made him intuitive. He is Mr Cool and is calm like a Yogi !

Can this be India's transfiguration !

2011-04-01T22:53:00.001-07:00

With Jupiter, Sun, Mercury, Moon and the sports planet Mars in the auspicious 9th House or the House of Fortune, go India go ! Prove to the world that ye are professionals !

Mix caution with aggression and the Cup can be India's. Instead of lofting, hit the ball into the ground, as Yuvraj did and find the gaps. Bat like Michael Bevan !

Beware of the 3 Ms, Murali, Mendis ( or Herath ) and Malinga . The SL gameplan is to mix spin with pace, Murali and Mendis or Herath, the left arm and off spin pairing along with Malinga's slinging deliveries at more than 140 kph. This is their strategy to choke India ! In the semi final at Mohali, the Sri Lankans supported the Pakis. They wanted Afridi's side to win, because they reckoned that if they meet Pak in the Finals, they can win the Cup ! Facing Pak is easier than facing mighty India ! But then they were disappointed, as Afridi's men choked under the lights !

SL's 'formidable batting' proved to be a myth in the match against Pak, when they could not chase 278 under the lights. If Pak had held their chances, SL would have been all out for less than 200 !

O India, this is your golden chance. You will not get such a chance in the near future. On the green tops of Aus and NZ, 2015 WC will be difficult to get and you wont have the blessings of the planets as you have now ! ( At 0230 PM, on Saturday, 02042011, all planets will be favourable for India. Mercury, Mars, Sun, Moon and Jupiter in Pisces, in the Ninth, Venus in the 8th and the Nodes in the 6/12 positions. From the Moon, the five planetary configuration happens in the Ninth, a favourable house. From the Ascendant, it will be in the Eleventh, the House of Gains or the House of the Fulfillment of all desires.You cannot ask for a better planetary configuration ).

O Stars of Glory, O lights impregnated with mighty Power, give India the Cup that Counts !

There is another record awaiting Yuvraj. When he became Man of the Match four times, he had equalled the records of Aravinda DeSilva and Lance Kleusner. If he gets one more, it will be a new record !

Saturn in the Third is also favourable. Mars was a bit unfavourable till Mar 25th, which reflected on the Indian bowling and fielding. Now that bowling and fielding have improved, go, India, go !

More than a billion pray for India. Homas and pujas are being done. The Lord is on everyone's lips as 1210 million people anxiously wait for 1030 PM tomorrow, in a country where Cricket is Religion.

Cricket Diplomacy have succeeded and our brothers from Pak are now happy. The SL President will be watching the match, along with Indian dignitaries. Industry, Bollywood, politicians- all will be there to watch the Clash of the Titans, two formidable teams pitted against each other !

The Master and the Commander

In India's case, the Master is Sachin and the Commander is Dhoni. Sachin has 99 hundreds and have scored more than 32 K runs in int'l cricket.

In SL's case, the Master is Murali and the Commander is Sanga. Murali has 1347 wickets in int'l cricket.

Both Asian teams appear to be impregnable. Both are led by wicketkeepers. Another coincidence ! Both are led by astute, intelligent captains !

The WC 2011 will go down in history as one of the best thrilling WCs ever, with its thrilling matches decided in the 100th over and classical upsets. The ODI format has been revived.

Meanhwhile, Rahul Dravid has backed Day/Night Test cricket under the lights. MCC experimented with a pink ball. Dravid now backs all innovations in cricket !

Jayam Dehi, give us Victory ! India is the Guru of all nations and she will definitely bring in World Peace ! May Cricket be used to establish World Peace !

Jupiter in the 9th gives India victory !

2011-03-30T17:46:00.001-07:00

Providence ( Jupiter in the House of Fortune ) saved India yet again. Master Batsman Sachin Tendulkar got Man of the Match Award for his blistering 85, but then he had as many as six lives.

Four Paki fielders let him off, Misbah, Y Khan, Afridi and Akmal. He survived two close calls for lbw and stumping. Today was his day.

Let us see the astrological factors.

Yesterday was Dhanishta, his kshema tara or 4th star or Lucky Star. But Dhanishta, which ruled for 57 Nadis ( 23.5 hours ) or right throughout the day was not so good for India or Dhoni. For Dhoni, it was his vipat tara, or adverse star. Hence the nervousness of the Indian spectators and viewers !

For Sehwag, this was his sampat tara or favourable star. Even though he scored only 38, he hit the premier Pak bowler, Umar Gul, for five fours in one over. He hit Gul off his length !

When we analysed, we knew that some factors were adverse and we did remedial measures to overcome those adverse factors. We knew that the Transit positions of Jove and Saturn are benign and so ultimately India will triumph. ( As for me, I fasted in the afternoon, as I badly needed an Indian triumph. I indulged in prayers and meditation right throughout the day and relief came from tension at 1000 PM ).

For Pak, the transits of Jupiter and Saturn are not so benign. Jupiter in the Tenth is Dasame Darika Vadham or adverse for their Ego. Saturn in the 4th is also disconcerting and affected their batting performance in this WC. Not even one Paki batsman had scored a century and they were reckoned formidable because of their excellent bowling !

On 25th, Mars moved over to Pisces, ending some bad luck for India. After then Indian bowling became efficient and fielding improved. Indian fans were afraid that bowlers and fielders might put Sachin & Co down ! But in the QF and SF, Indian bowling and fielding rose to the occasion. The mighty Australians were restricted to 260 in QF and in SF, Pak were bowled out for 231 !

Horoscope of Zaheer Khan

2011-03-27T02:54:00.000-07:00

He is the second leading bowler in this WC with 17 wickets. He is a master of reverse swing. He is Zaheer Khan, alias ZAK, India's premier bowler !

He was born with Scorpio rising, with Jupiter exalted in the Ninth, in the House of Fortune and Mercury exalted in the 11th.

The exalatation of Mercury gives his wisdom and intelligence. He bowled India back into the game on many occasions, against Eng, against Australia !

Transit wise, he is having Jupiter in the favourable Fifth and Saturn in th favourable Eleventh or the House of Gains. May he bowl India to victory in the coming matches !

He has Venus well posited in his own house, in Libra. He is born in Anabha Yoga, caused by Mars. He will be tough, successful and will be brilliant ( Krodhee sampat sadya suthanu kujayor anabahayam pragalbhascha ).

Mercury and Sun form Nipuna Yoga, a yoga for skill. ( budhena nipunam dhee keerthi soukhyanvitham ).

Panic not as Super Moon will not harm Earth !

2011-03-18T22:07:00.001-07:00

Now that Super Moon has already harmed ( the tsunami ), it will not harm
furthur !

Here we give the dates of the Super Moon from 1950 to 2050

November 10, 1954
November 20, 1972
January 8, 1974
February 26, 1975
December 2nd, 1990
January 19, 1992
March 8, 1993
January 10, 2005
December 12, 2008
January 30, 2010
March 19, 2011
November 14, 2016
January 2nd, 2018
January 21st, 2023
November 25, 2034
January 13, 2036

To make one revolution of the earth, the moon takes 27.3 days . Since, as the earth has motion and has moved in the heavens, it takes further two days to catch up with the earth. ( Full moon-new moon lunar cycle takes 29.5 days.

The moon's orbit around the Earth is elliptical, and its orbit is inclined at 5.14 deg to the elliptic (earth's path around the sun) with a substantial eccentricity of 5.49 percent (earth's is 1.67 per cent). The Moon at Super Full Moon will be at 217 K kms and at Apogee it is more than 300 K. A difference of more than 100 K kms. The Moon will be Full when it is near Perigee and will appear brighter. Yesterday Moon was a great sight in the heavens.

Jupiter in Pisces will see to that the Earth is not harmed. The Sun Moon
Opposition takes place in Pisces/Virgo and Jupiter is there, posited in
Pisces. Hence we dont see any devastation happening on the 19th in US and
20th in India !

Anyway the Gayathri mantra should be recited for the welfare of humanity !

Jupiter in Pisces will save Earth !

2011-03-18T00:14:00.001-07:00

Should one worry about the Super Moon? NO!

The Super Full Moon occurs when Sun is in Pisces and Moon comes diametrically opposite at ( 180 degree from the Sun's longitude ) Virgo. This is the Full Moon, the Pournami of Indian Astronomy.

Now Jupiter in Pisces is the Redeeming Grace. Jupiter, the indicator of Divine Grace will save this planet from catastrophes.

Some devastation has already taken place, as the Tsunami hit Japan on the 11th. Still Japan is in a mess. Burning nuclear rectors , earthquakes and tsunamis ravaged Japan and Japan looks like a devastated area.

Jupiter is the divine planet, the wisdom planet and He will not allow this planet to be destroyed !

It will not be the end of the world, as some Doomsday theorists make out. Vedic Astrology does not support Doomsday theories. The sum total Energy in the Universe is a constant and cannot be destroyed ! So no end of the world !

Verily, the Lord had not created this world, He had become this world. He is all that is. " All this that is is the Universal Life" declare the Upanishads. There is no creation and hence no destruction !

One need not bother unnecessarily about this phenomenon. There were Doomsday theories that the world was going to end in 2000 ! ( There was one grand father of Pongo Twistleton in Wodehouse, who gave all his shirts and pants to a passerby, saying that the end of the world was coming at 1030 AM sharp ! ).

The Sun Moon Opposition !

2011-03-16T20:22:00.000-07:00

The Sun Moon Opposition is called Pournami in Sanskrit, when the Moon is 180 degrees away from the Sun.

The Sun Moon Conjunction is called Amavasya in Sanskrit, when the Moon is conjunt 0 degrees with the Sun.

The Super Moon is a Full Moon. The Super Moon is a term coined by the astrologer Richard Nolle.

Yesterday, there was an earthquake in Japan, measuring about 6 on the Richter scale. Japan is devastated by explosions in nuclear reactors, earthquakes and tsunamis or harbour waves !

In 2005, Tsunami struck fifteen days before the Super Moon date. This time almost one week before.

One has to be wary of this week.

Dont decry Astrology !

2011-03-16T02:14:00.000-07:00

Those who decry Astrology should see the post on Super Moon which we posted on 10th. The Tsunami ( japanese for harbour wave ) struck on 11th, causing widespread destruction.

The Super Moon is a Full Moon. Full Moon means that the Moon is away from the Sun in Opposition and New Moon means the Moon is near the Sun in conjunction.

This phenomenon is known to astro savants and to the Indian mind, Astronomy, Astrology and Mathematics are epistemically correlated.

Some people, due to the influence of Anti Paganism, decry Astrology. This is because during early childhood, they have been taught by the ignorant priesthood that Astrology is hog wash !

The priesthood, sunk in Nescience, believes in the phenomenon of water turning into wine and such irrational miracles. They believe in the Immaculate Conception, which is not physiologically possible !

Super Moon caused Japanese Tsunami ?

2011-03-13T08:51:00.001-07:00

Everybody knows that the Moon causes tides. The human body is 70% water. "Even the Archbishop of Canterbury is 70% water". Will not Moon have effect on the water dominated human body?, thus argue those in favour of Astrology.

The Super Moon of Mar 11,2011

2011-03-13T08:46:00.000-07:00

When we say March 19, it need not be Mar 19th. It can be Mar 11th also. ( We are calculating thousands of years in Astronomy and five or six days should not make much of a difference).

The last tsunami hit two weeks before Super Moon ! Now this time it has hit one week before the stipulated date !

Jup Sun MarMer Moo		Ket
Ven	RASI	LA
	RASI
Rah		Sat